Jezewska Maria, Babicz-Zielińska Ewa, Leszczyńska Irena, Grubman Marta
Interfaculty Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Poland.
Int Marit Health. 2009;60(1-2):48-50.
Nutrition disorders arise from various interacting factors: cultural, environmental, genetic, physiological, and psychological. Excessive consumption of highly processed food, sugar, salt, alcohol, and saturated fats is a problem nowadays, and consumption of fish, vegetables, and fruit is insufficient. Overeating and an unbalanced diet are often accompanied by stress and a lack of physical activity. This is intensified by easy access to "comfort food", "fast food", and "junk food". The number of people suffering from overweight and obesity, so-called diseases of civilization, is increasing. Not only is being overweight a risk factor for the development many other metabolic diseases, but it also significantly worsens the quality of life. This also concerns people working at sea. Obesity is favoured by emotional eating disorders (EED), uncontrolled/compulsive eating - binge eating disorders (BED), and night eating disorders (NED). Most frequently, eating is a reaction to stress or boredom. It alleviates tension and improves the mood, also of seafarers.
文化、环境、遗传、生理和心理因素。如今，过度食用高度加工食品、糖、盐、酒精和饱和脂肪是一个问题，而鱼类、蔬菜和水果的摄入量不足。暴饮暴食和饮食不均衡往往伴随着压力和缺乏体育活动。容易获得“安慰食品”“快餐”和“垃圾食品”加剧了这一情况。患有超重和肥胖症（即所谓的文明病）的人数正在增加。超重不仅是许多其他代谢性疾病发展的危险因素，还会显著降低生活质量。这也适用于海上工作的人员。情绪性进食障碍（EED）、无节制/强迫性进食——暴饮暴食障碍（BED）和夜间进食障碍（NED）会导致肥胖。最常见的情况是，进食是对压力或无聊情绪的一种反应。它能缓解紧张情绪，改善心情，海员们也是如此。
