Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 14561, Kifissia, Attica, Greece. nick
Pest Manag Sci. 2010 Jun;66(6):640-9. doi: 10.1002/ps.1923.
Fipronil is an insecticidal pyrazole that is commonly used as an insecticide in field crops, urban pesticide and veterinary medicine, but there are no reports of its evaluation against stored-product insects. Three series of laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess fipronil as a potential grain protectant against adults of Sitophilus oryzae (L.), Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Prostephanus truncatus (Horn). Factors such as dose (0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain), exposure interval (24 h, 48 h, 7 days and 14 days), temperature (20, 25 and 30 degrees C), relative humidity (RH; 55 and 65%) and commodity (wheat, maize, barley and paddy rice) were evaluated with regard to their impact on the insecticidal activity of fipronil. Progeny production was assessed after 64 days of exposure.
At doses of < 1 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain, efficacy of fipronil was enhanced by an increase in temperature from 20 to 25 degrees C against S. oryzae or R. dominica for exposures of > 48 h and against T. confusum or P. truncatus for exposures of > 24 h. A further increase in temperature from 25 to 30 degrees C, although it enhanced efficacy at doses of < 1 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain against S. oryzae at all exposure intervals and against T. confusum after 7 days of exposure, it was negatively associated with efficacy against R. dominica or P. truncatus for exposures of > 24 h. By contrast, increase in RH did not have a significant impact on efficacy of fipronil. Although the performance of fipronil among the tested commodities was species dependent, this substance appeared to be less effective in paddy rice than in barley, maize and wheat. Regardless of the treated commodity, progeny production of all the tested species was almost suppressed with doses higher than 0.1 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain.
Fipronil appeared to be a very effective alternative to the existing substances in stored-grain protection at doses equal to or higher than 1 mg fipronil kg(-1) grain, and thus these doses require further evaluation in terms of safety for the consumer and residues on stored products.
氟虫腈是一种杀虫吡唑，通常用作田间作物、城市农药和兽药中的杀虫剂，但尚无关于其评估对储存产品昆虫的报告。进行了三组实验室生物测定，以评估氟虫腈作为一种潜在的谷物保护剂，防止玉米象（L.）、赤拟谷盗（Jacquelin du Val）、米象（F.）和锯谷盗（Horn）成虫。评估了剂量（0.01、0.1、1 和 10mg 氟虫腈 kg(-1) 谷物）、暴露间隔（24h、48h、7 天和 14 天）、温度（20、25 和 30°C）、相对湿度（RH；55 和 65%）和商品（小麦、玉米、大麦和稻谷）等因素对氟虫腈杀虫活性的影响。暴露 64 天后评估后代的产生。
在低于 1mg 氟虫腈 kg(-1) 谷物的剂量下，温度从 20°C 升高到 25°C，对 S.oryzae 或 R.dominica 的暴露时间超过 48h，对 T.confusum 或 P.truncatus 的暴露时间超过 24h，可提高氟虫腈的功效。温度从 25°C 进一步升高到 30°C，虽然在所有暴露时间点都提高了低于 1mg 氟虫腈 kg(-1) 谷物剂量对 S.oryzae 的功效，并且在暴露 7 天后对 T.confusum 的功效提高，但与对 R.dominica 或 P.truncatus 的功效降低相关，暴露时间超过 24h。相比之下，增加 RH 对氟虫腈的功效没有显著影响。尽管氟虫腈在测试商品中的性能因物种而异，但与大麦、玉米和小麦相比，它在稻谷中的效果似乎较差。无论处理的商品如何，高于 0.1mg 氟虫腈 kg(-1) 谷物的剂量都会几乎抑制所有测试物种的后代产生。
氟虫腈在剂量等于或高于 1mg 氟虫腈 kg(-1) 谷物时，似乎是一种非常有效的替代现有储存谷物保护剂的物质，因此需要进一步评估这些剂量对消费者安全和储存产品残留的安全性。
