Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Agripolis Viale dell'Universita 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Cotton Research Station, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Jun;25(17):17012-17024. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-1835-3. Epub 2018 Apr 7.
The effectiveness of Grain-Guard, an improved form of diatomaceous earth (DE), with low risk to the environment, was evaluated against the storage pests Liposcelis paeta, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica, and Tribolium castaneum on four grain commodities, wheat, rice, maize and sorghum. The overall mortality of stored grain pests increased with the rise of application rate and exposure intervals of diatomaceous earth and decreased over 120 days of post-treatment period. Our results revealed that mortality of adults 14 days post-disclosure was > 80% on wheat at the start of post-treatment than rice, maize, and sorghum, respectively. During the first 60 days of post-treatment, adult mortality increased, whereas later on, a steady decrease in adult mortality was observed. Considerable differences in dose rates were observed on mortality levels along with grain commodities. Following 14 days of exposure, all adults of four species were dead on wheat at 100 ppm and on rice at 150 ppm except maize and sorghum. The suppression of progeny was noticeably higher at the beginning of post-treatment duration while after 60-days of post-treatment, progeny numbers started to increase with the rise in post-treatment durations. This new improved DE formulation was found to be effective at dose rates that are extensively lower than required with previous DE formulations and will contribute to lower the risk of health and environment.
谷卫（Grain-Guard）是一种改良的硅藻土（DE）形式，对环境的风险较低，我们评估了其对四种谷物储存害虫——嗜卷书虱（Liposcelis paeta）、锈赤扁谷盗（Cryptolestes ferrugineus）、玉米象（Rhyzopertha dominica）和赤拟谷盗（Tribolium castaneum）的防治效果。随着硅藻土施用量和暴露间隔的增加，储粮害虫的总体死亡率上升，而在处理后 120 天内，死亡率下降。我们的研究结果表明，在处理开始后的第 14 天，对小麦的成虫死亡率高于水稻、玉米和高粱，分别为>80%。在处理后的前 60 天内，成虫死亡率增加，而后来，成虫死亡率稳定下降。在死亡率水平和谷物商品方面观察到相当大的剂量率差异。暴露 14 天后，四种昆虫的所有成虫在 100ppm 的小麦和 150ppm 的水稻上全部死亡，而在玉米和高粱上则没有。在处理开始时，抑制后代的效果非常明显，而在处理后 60 天，随着处理时间的延长，后代数量开始增加。与以前的 DE 制剂相比，这种新的改良 DE 制剂在剂量率方面非常有效，并且有助于降低健康和环境风险。
