National Ocean Service, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
Toxicon. 2010 Oct;56(5):698-710. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2010.02.026. Epub 2010 Mar 3.
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is a circumtropical disease caused by ingestion of a variety of reef fish that bioaccumulate algal toxins. Distribution and abundance of the organisms that produce these toxins, chiefly dinoflagellates of the genus Gambierdiscus, are reported to correlate positively with water temperature. Consequently, there is growing concern that increasing temperatures associated with climate change could increase the incidence of CFP. This concern prompted experiments on the growth rates of six Gambierdiscus species at temperatures between 18 degrees C and 33 degrees C and the examination of sea surface temperatures in the Caribbean and West Indies for areas that could sustain rapid Gambierdiscus growth rates year-round. The thermal optimum for five of six Gambierdiscus species tested was >/=29 degrees C. Long-term SST data from the southern Gulf of Mexico indicate the number of days with sea surface temperatures >/=29 degrees C has nearly doubled (44 to 86) in the last three decades. To determine how the sea surface temperatures and Gambierdiscus growth data correlate with CFP incidences in the Caribbean, a literature review and a uniform, region-wide survey (1996-2006) of CFP cases were conducted. The highest CFP incidence rates were in the eastern Caribbean where water temperatures are warmest and least variable.
雪卡鱼中毒（CFP）是一种热带疾病，由摄入各种在藻类毒素中生物积累的珊瑚鱼引起。产生这些毒素的生物，主要是 Gambierdiscus 属的腰鞭毛虫，与水温呈正相关分布和丰度。因此，人们越来越担心与气候变化相关的温度升高可能会增加 CFP 的发病率。这种担忧促使人们在 18 摄氏度至 33 摄氏度之间对六种 Gambierdiscus 物种的生长率进行了实验，并检查了加勒比海和西印度群岛的海面温度，以确定哪些地区全年都能维持 Gambierdiscus 的快速生长率。六种 Gambierdiscus 物种中有五种的最适温度大于等于 29 摄氏度。来自墨西哥湾南部的长期 SST 数据表明，过去三十年中，海面温度大于等于 29 摄氏度的天数几乎翻了一番（从 44 天增加到 86 天）。为了确定加勒比地区的海面温度和 Gambierdiscus 生长数据与 CFP 发病率之间的相关性，对加勒比地区的 CFP 病例进行了文献回顾和统一的、全区域的调查（1996-2006 年）。CFP 发病率最高的是加勒比东部，那里的水温最高，变化最小。
