Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Marine and Continental Waters Program, Carretera de Poble Nou, 43540 La Ràpita, Spain.
Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Organic Pollutants, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Mar 29;20(4):236. doi: 10.3390/md20040236.
Ciguatera Poisoning (CP) is caused by consumption of fish or invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). Presently CP is a public concern in some temperate regions, such as Macaronesia (North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean). Toxicity analysis was performed to characterize the fish species that can accumulate CTXs and improve understanding of the ciguatera risk in this area. For that, seventeen fish specimens comprising nine species were captured from coastal waters inMadeira and Selvagens Archipelagos. Toxicity was analysed by screening CTX-like toxicity with the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (neuro-2a CBA). Afterwards, the four most toxic samples were analysed with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Thirteen fish specimens presented CTX-like toxicity in their liver, but only four of these in their muscle. The liver of one specimen of presented the highest CTX-like toxicity (0.270 ± 0.121 µg of CTX1B equiv·kg). Moreover, CTX analogues were detected with LC-HRMS, for and . The presence of three CTX analogues was identified: C-CTX1, which had been previously described in the area; dihydro-CTX2, which is reported in the area for the first time; a putative new CTX / 1127.6023 ([M+NH]) named as putative C-CTX-1109, and gambieric acid A.
雪卡鱼中毒（CP）是由食用受雪卡毒素（CTXs）污染的鱼类或无脊椎动物引起的。目前 CP 是一些温带地区（如北大西洋的马卡罗内西亚地区）的公众关注问题。本研究进行了毒性分析，以确定可积累 CTXs 的鱼类物种，并增进对该地区雪卡鱼中毒风险的了解。为此，从马德拉群岛和塞尔瓦根群岛的沿海水域捕获了包括 9 个物种在内的 17 个鱼类标本。采用基于神经母细胞瘤细胞的测定法（neuro-2a CBA）对 CTX 样毒性进行筛选，以分析毒性。之后，用液相色谱-高分辨质谱法（LC-HRMS）对 4 个最毒的样本进行分析。13 个鱼标本的肝脏具有 CTX 样毒性，但只有 4 个鱼标本的肌肉具有 CTX 样毒性。的肝脏具有最高的 CTX 样毒性（0.270 ± 0.121 µg CTX1B equiv·kg）。此外，还通过 LC-HRMS 检测到 CTX 类似物，和 中均有检出。鉴定出三种 CTX 类似物：CTX1 的存在先前在该地区已有描述；在该地区首次报道的二氢-CTX2；一种推定的新 CTX/1127.6023([M+NH])命名为推定的 C-CTX-1109，以及 Gambieric 酸 A。
