Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2010 Apr-Jun;82(4-6):149-54. doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.029. Epub 2010 Mar 4.
Transport of long-chain fatty acids across the cell membrane has long been thought to occur by passive diffusion. However, in recent years there has been a fundamental shift in understanding, and it is now generally recognized that fatty acids cross the cell membrane via a protein-mediated mechanism. Membrane-associated fatty acid-binding proteins ('fatty acid transporters') not only facilitate but also regulate cellular fatty acid uptake, for instance through their inducible rapid (and reversible) translocation from intracellular storage pools to the cell membrane. A number of fatty acid transporters have been identified, including CD36, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABP(pm)), and a family of fatty acid transport proteins (FATP1-6). Fatty acid transporters are also implicated in metabolic disease, such as insulin resistance and type-2 diabetes. In this report we briefly review current understanding of the mechanism of transmembrane fatty acid transport, and the function of fatty acid transporters in healthy cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in insulin resistance/type-2 diabetes. Fatty acid transporters hold promise as a future target to rectify lipid fluxes in the body and regain metabolic homeostasis.
长链脂肪酸穿过细胞膜的运输长期以来一直被认为是通过被动扩散发生的。然而，近年来人们对其的理解发生了根本性的转变，现在普遍认为脂肪酸通过蛋白质介导的机制穿过细胞膜。膜相关的脂肪酸结合蛋白（“脂肪酸转运蛋白”）不仅促进而且调节细胞内脂肪酸的摄取，例如通过其从细胞内储存池到细胞膜的诱导快速（和可逆）易位。已经鉴定出许多脂肪酸转运蛋白，包括 CD36、质膜相关脂肪酸结合蛋白（FABP(pm)）和脂肪酸转运蛋白家族（FATP1-6）。脂肪酸转运蛋白也与代谢疾病有关，如胰岛素抵抗和 2 型糖尿病。在本报告中，我们简要回顾了跨膜脂肪酸转运的机制以及脂肪酸转运蛋白在健康心脏和骨骼肌中的功能，以及在胰岛素抵抗/2 型糖尿病中的作用。脂肪酸转运蛋白有望成为纠正体内脂质通量和恢复代谢平衡的未来目标。
