Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, Division of Internal Medicine, Hypertension Unit, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2010 Mar;23(3):225-39; quiz 332-4. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2010.01.003.
Ultrasound imaging has continuously developed over recent years, leading to the development of several novel echocardiographic indexes. Among these, of particular interest are those that focus on pulmonary hemodynamics, because they not only improve both sensitivity and specificity in the echocardiographic evaluation of pulmonary pressures (systolic, mean, and diastolic), but can also be used to estimate other pulmonary hemodynamic parameters, such as pulmonary vascular resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and pulmonary capacitance and impedance. Such parameters can provide important diagnostic and prognostic information in patients with heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary arterial hypertension and in every patient with suspected pulmonary impairment. In this review, the authors present a comprehensive overview of the echocardiographic indexes involved in pulmonary hemodynamic evaluation and discuss the applications of these indexes in the clinical setting.
超声成像近年来不断发展，催生了几种新型的超声心动图指标。其中，特别值得关注的是那些专注于肺血流动力学的指标，因为它们不仅提高了超声心动图评估肺压（收缩压、平均压和舒张压）的敏感性和特异性，还可用于估计其他肺血流动力学参数，如肺血管阻力、肺毛细血管楔压和肺容量和阻抗。这些参数在心力衰竭、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、肺动脉高压以及每个疑似肺功能障碍的患者中，都能提供重要的诊断和预后信息。在这篇综述中，作者全面介绍了参与肺血流动力学评估的超声心动图指标，并讨论了这些指标在临床中的应用。
