National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management (NCHAM), Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-2880, USA.
Semin Perinatol. 2010 Apr;34(2):170-9. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2009.12.009.
Identifying and treating children with congenital hearing loss during the first few months of life is a relatively new concept. To assist states in the development of statewide Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs, the federal government provides grants and/or cooperative agreements to almost all states and has established "National Goals, Program Objectives and Performance Measures" to guide the development and implementation of those systems. This article reviews the history of newborn hearing screening programs in the United States, summarizes the content of legislation and regulations passed by states related to universal newborn hearing screening, and describes how well each National Goal has been addressed. Although substantial progress has been made in the percentage of infants screened for hearing loss before hospital discharge, significant improvement is needed with respect to the availability of pediatric audiologists, implementation of effective tracking and data management systems, program evaluation and quality assurance, availability of appropriate early intervention programs, and linkages with medical home providers.
在生命的最初几个月识别和治疗先天性听力损失的儿童是一个相对较新的概念。为了协助各州制定全州范围内的早期听力检测和干预计划，联邦政府向几乎所有州提供赠款和/或合作协议，并制定了“国家目标、计划目标和绩效衡量标准”，以指导这些系统的制定和实施。本文回顾了美国新生儿听力筛查计划的历史，总结了各州通过的与普遍新生儿听力筛查相关的立法和法规的内容，并描述了每个国家目标的实施情况。虽然在出院前对听力损失婴儿进行筛查的比例已经取得了实质性进展，但在儿科听力学家的可用性、有效跟踪和数据管理系统的实施、计划评估和质量保证、适当早期干预计划的可用性以及与医疗保健提供者的联系方面仍需要显著改进。
