Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3UD, United Kingdom.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 May;70(10):1626-32. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.01.029. Epub 2010 Feb 12.
This review discusses the limitation of access to suicide methods as a way to prevent suicide, an approach which forms a major component of many national suicide prevention strategies. An important distinction is made between efforts that attempt to limit physical access to suicide methods and those that attempt to reduce the cognitive availability of suicide. Physical imitations will be reviewed with reference to restricting access to domestic gas, catalytic converters, firearms, pesticides, jumping, paracetamol and methods used in prisons. Impacts of cognitive availability will be discussed mainly with regard to the media in terms of providing access to technical information and sensational or inaccurate portrayals of suicide. Drawing on psychological models of suicidal ideation and behaviour, this review explores how processes leading to suicidal behaviour and issues around method choice may relate to the effectiveness of limiting access to methods. Potential problems surrounding method limitations are explored, in particular the factors contributing to substitution, the risk that alternative methods of suicide may be used if one is restricted. It is concluded that in appropriate contexts, where substitution is less likely to occur, and in conjunction with psychosocial prevention efforts, limitation of both physical and cognitive access to suicide can be an effective suicide prevention strategy.
这篇综述讨论了限制自杀方法的获取作为预防自杀的一种方式的局限性，这种方法是许多国家自杀预防策略的主要组成部分。重要的区别在于试图限制自杀方法的身体获取和试图减少自杀的认知可用性的努力之间的区别。物理限制将参考限制国内天然气、催化转化器、枪支、杀虫剂、跳跃、扑热息痛和监狱中使用的方法进行审查。认知可用性的影响将主要根据媒体方面的技术信息的获取以及对自杀的耸人听闻或不准确的描述来讨论。本文借鉴自杀意念和行为的心理模型，探讨了导致自杀行为的过程以及方法选择问题与限制方法获取的有效性之间的关系。还探讨了方法限制所涉及的潜在问题，特别是导致替代的因素，以及如果一种方法受到限制，可能会使用其他自杀方法的风险。结论是，在适当的情况下，替代的可能性较小，并且与心理社会预防措施相结合，限制自杀的身体和认知获取都可以成为一种有效的自杀预防策略。
