Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare (RKBU), Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Health Research, SINTEF, Trondheim, Norway.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024 Sep;33(9):3079-3089. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02379-w. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
Adolescent suicidality is associated with negative outcomes in adulthood. Suicide prevention has traditionally focused on identifying risk factors, yet suicide rates have remained stable. With suicidality often going undetected-especially suicidal ideation, further knowledge about protective factors is needed. The main objective of this study was to investigate potential protective factors for suicidal ideation from adolescence to adulthood. The study employed longitudinal population survey data, "Youth and Mental Health Study" consisting of self-reports at two-time points (mean age 14.9, SD = 0.6 and 27.2, SD = 0.6) (n = 2423 and n = 1198). Protective factors (at individual, social and environmental level) were selected based on a priori knowledge. Internal consistency of scales was analyzed using McDonald's omega. We used a linear mixed model with suicidal ideation as the dependent variable, time-points, a protective factor variable and their interaction as covariates, and individual participant as random effects. We adjusted for sex and also conducted separate analyses for males and females. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust p-values for multiple hypotheses. Investigated protective factors were associated with temporal change in suicidal ideation (significant interactions). For both sexes, less emotion-orientated coping, higher self-perception scores, greater levels of physical activity and higher school wellbeing/connectedness were protective factors for suicidal ideations. Secure attachment and higher family function were protective factors for females only. The effects in adolescence were mostly maintained in adulthood. In this study, several protective factors for suicidal ideation persisted into adulthood, with distinct differences between males and females.
青少年自杀意念与成年后的负面后果有关。传统的自杀预防措施侧重于识别风险因素，但自杀率一直保持稳定。由于自杀意念往往未被发现——尤其是自杀意念，因此需要进一步了解保护因素。本研究的主要目的是调查从青少年到成年自杀意念的潜在保护因素。该研究采用了纵向人群调查数据，即“青年与心理健康研究”，该研究在两个时间点（平均年龄为 14.9，SD=0.6 和 27.2，SD=0.6）（n=2423 和 n=1198）进行了自我报告。根据先验知识选择了个体、社会和环境层面的保护因素。使用 McDonald 的 omega 分析了量表的内部一致性。我们使用线性混合模型，将自杀意念作为因变量，时间点、保护因素变量及其相互作用作为协变量，个体参与者作为随机效应。我们调整了性别，并分别对男性和女性进行了分析。使用 Benjamini-Hochberg 程序调整了多个假设的 p 值。研究发现的保护因素与自杀意念的时间变化有关（存在显著的相互作用）。对于男性和女性，情绪导向应对能力较低、自我认知评分较高、身体活动水平较高和学校幸福感/联系较高都是自杀意念的保护因素。安全依恋和较高的家庭功能是女性的保护因素。青春期的影响在成年期大多持续存在。在这项研究中，自杀意念的几个保护因素持续到成年期，男性和女性之间存在明显差异。
