Butchart A, Nell V, Yach D, Brown D S, Anderson A, Radebe B, Johnson K
Health Psychology Unit, University of South Africa, Pretoria.
S Afr Med J. 1991 Apr 20;79(8):472-9.
A total of 3,535 trauma cases were enumerated in Johannesburg-Soweto between 1989 and 1990 in the course of 271 hospital ward rounds and 43 casualty watches. The overall trauma incidence was 2,886 new cases per annum per 100,000 population, rising to 19,872 for coloured males aged 20 - 24 years and to 8,761 for black males aged 20 - 24 years. Overall the male/female ratio was 2.9 rising to 6 or more in adolescence (15 - 19) for blacks and coloureds. There were some 156 new resident cases of trauma daily; half these were victims of interpersonal violence, and coloureds constituted 22% of this group, although forming only 8% of the denominator population. With regards to cause, most trauma among blacks and coloureds arose from interpersonal violence and significantly less from transport accidents. Among blacks injured in transport accidents (the majority of which involved motor vehicles) most were pedestrians, whereas most whites injured in such accidents were occupants of vehicles. For all groups trauma was most likely to be incurred 'in the street' although for white and coloured women the home was most dangerous. The implications of these and related findings for treatment and prevention and briefly reviewed.
1989年至1990年期间，在约翰内斯堡-索韦托进行的271次医院病房巡查和43次伤亡情况观察中，共统计了3535例创伤病例。总体创伤发病率为每年每10万人口中有2886例新病例，20至24岁的有色人种男性上升至19872例，20至24岁的黑人男性上升至8761例。总体而言，男女比例为2.9，黑人和有色人种在青少年时期（15至19岁）这一比例升至6或更高。每天约有156例新的创伤住院病例；其中一半是人际暴力的受害者，有色人种占该群体的22%，尽管在总人口中仅占8%。关于原因，黑人和有色人种的大多数创伤源于人际暴力，交通事故导致的创伤明显较少。在因交通事故受伤的黑人中（其中大多数涉及机动车），大多数是行人，而在这类事故中受伤的大多数白人是车内乘客。对于所有群体来说，创伤最有可能发生在“街上”，尽管对于白人和有色人种女性来说，家是最危险的地方。简要回顾了这些及相关发现对治疗和预防的影响。
