Zwi K J, Zwi A B, Smettanikov E, Söderlund N, Logan S
Department of Paediatric Epidemiology, Institute of Child Health, University of London, UK.
Inj Prev. 1995 Mar;1(1):26-30. doi: 10.1136/ip.1.1.26.
To describe the patterns and causes of childhood injury presenting to a South African township health centre in 1991.
Retrospective review of clinic held case notes.
Typical South-African urban township within Greater Johannesburg.
695 subjects aged 0-19 years presenting as a direct result of injury.
Overall rates of presentation for injury were 6297/100,000/year (95% confidence interval 5463 to 7131); 35% of injuries were caused by violence, 14% by traffic, and 51% by other unintentional causes (such as falls and sport injuries). Males had higher rates of presentation than females for violent (p < 0.001) and unintentional injuries (p < 0.01), but rates were similar for traffic injuries. The highest rates were for injuries caused by violence in 15-19 year-old males and were 9319/100,000/year.
Rates are lower than in more developed countries. However, they appear to represent the more severe end of the spectrum of injury severity. The rates are similar for those below age 10 years and higher for those above age 10 years compared with severe injury rates in other studies. These data are likely to underestimate true rates. The risk of injuries caused by violence increase with age and these injuries are more serious than those due to other causes. Males are at higher risk for all types of injury except traffic injury.
描述1991年南非一个城镇卫生中心儿童受伤的模式及原因。
对诊所留存病例记录进行回顾性分析。
约翰内斯堡大都市区内典型的南非城市城镇。
695名0至19岁因受伤前来就诊的患者。
受伤就诊的总体发生率为每年6297/10万（95%置信区间为5463至7131）；35%的伤害由暴力所致，14%由交通因素导致，51%由其他非故意伤害（如跌倒和运动损伤）引起。男性因暴力伤害（p<0.001）和非故意伤害（p<0.01）的就诊率高于女性，但交通伤害的就诊率相似。15至19岁男性因暴力导致的伤害发生率最高，为每年9319/10万。
该发生率低于更发达国家。然而，它们似乎代表了伤害严重程度范围中较严重的一端。与其他研究中的重伤率相比，10岁以下儿童的发生率相似，10岁以上儿童的发生率更高。这些数据可能低估了实际发生率。暴力导致伤害的风险随年龄增长而增加，且这些伤害比其他原因导致的伤害更严重。除交通伤害外，男性面临所有类型伤害的风险更高。
