Biology of Disease Vectors Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2010 Feb;105(1):1-12. doi: 10.1590/s0074-02762010000100001.
Insect-borne diseases are responsible for severe mortality and morbidity worldwide. As control of insect vector populations relies primarily on the use of insecticides, the emergence of insecticide resistance as well to unintended consequences of insecticide use pose significant challenges to their continued application. Novel approaches to reduce pathogen transmission by disease vectors are been attempted, including transmission-blocking vaccines (TBVs) thought to be a feasible strategy to reduce pathogen burden in endemic areas. TBVs aim at preventing the transmission of pathogens from infected to uninfected vertebrate host by targeting molecule(s) expressed on the surface of pathogens during their developmental phase within the insect vector or by targeting molecules expressed by the vectors. For pathogen-based molecules, the majority of the TBV candidates selected as well as most of the data available regarding the effectiveness of this approach come from studies using malaria parasites. However, TBV candidates also have been identified from midgut tissues of mosquitoes and sand flies. In spite of the successes achieved in the potential application of TBVs against insect-borne diseases, many significant barriers remain. In this review, many of the TBV strategies against insect-borne pathogens and their respective ramification with regards to the immune response of the vertebrate host are discussed.
虫媒传染病在全球范围内造成严重的死亡率和发病率。由于控制昆虫媒介种群主要依赖于杀虫剂的使用，杀虫剂抗性的出现以及杀虫剂使用的意外后果对其持续应用构成了重大挑战。目前正在尝试通过疾病媒介来减少病原体传播的新方法，包括被认为是减少流行地区病原体负担的可行策略的传播阻断疫苗 (TBV)。TBV 的目的是通过针对在昆虫媒介内发育阶段病原体表面表达的分子或通过针对载体表达的分子来防止病原体从受感染的脊椎动物宿主传播到未受感染的脊椎动物宿主。对于基于病原体的分子，大多数被选为 TBV 候选物的以及关于该方法有效性的大多数可用数据都来自使用疟疾寄生虫的研究。然而，也已经从蚊子和沙蝇的中肠组织中鉴定出 TBV 候选物。尽管在潜在应用 TBV 防治虫媒传染病方面取得了成功，但仍存在许多重大障碍。在这篇综述中，讨论了针对虫媒病原体的许多 TBV 策略及其与脊椎动物宿主免疫反应的关系。
