Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016 (China).
Adv Mater. 2010 Feb 23;22(8):E28-62. doi: 10.1002/adma.200903328.
Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring, nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted.
全球便携式电子设备和电动汽车的普及推动了储能设备（如电池和超级电容器）向更高的功率密度和能量密度发展，这在很大程度上取决于这些设备中使用的新材料的进步。此外，储能材料在高效、清洁和多功能能源利用中发挥着关键作用，对于可再生能源的开发也至关重要。因此，储能材料涵盖了广泛的材料，并且从研究开发到工业化都受到了高度关注。在这篇综述中，首先对几种典型的储能系统，包括热能、机械能、电磁能、氢能和电化学能储能进行了概述。然后详细介绍了用于车载应用的高性能储氢材料和用于锂离子电池和超级电容器的电化学储能材料的现状。讨论了开发这些先进储能材料的策略，包括纳米结构、纳米/微米组合、杂化、孔结构控制、结构设计、表面改性和组成优化。最后，强调了先进储能材料发展的未来趋势和前景。
