Dahamna S, Harzallah D, Guemache A, Sekfali N
Laboratory of Phytotherapy Applied to Chronic Diseases, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Ferhat Abbas, DZ-19000 Sétif, Algeria.
Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2009;74(1):143-8.
Pesticides are widely used chemicals making human exposure to pesticides a realistic possibility. Biomonitoring is a common and useful tool for assessing human exposure to pesticides. Pyrethroids are effective insecticides that are often used in household sprays, aerosol bombs, insect repellents, pet shampoos, and lice treatments. Using products containing these compounds will expose people to these chemicals. Since these compounds frequently are used on crOPs, they are often detected in fruits and vegetables. Biomonitoring of exposure is a useful tool for assessing exposure to pesticides. Biomonitoring involves the measurement of the parent pesticide, its metabolite or reaction product in biological media, typically blood or urine, to determine if an exposure has occurred and the extent of that exposure. Although not without its limitations, biomonitoring has great utility in integrating all routes of exposure allowing for one exposure measurement. Pesticides have much shorter environmental half-lives and tend not to bioaccumulate. In fact, from humans within 24 hr as the parent pesticide, a mercapturic acid detoxification product, oxidative or dealkylation metabolites, and/or glucuronide or sulphate-bound metabolites. However, because of the heavy agricultural and residential use of these chemicals, humans are continually exposed to many of these chemicals. The objective of the present study was to explore modification in toxico-pathological responses of rats treated with lambda-cyhalothrin (commercially called karate). Rats (250 g weight), were gavaged by 1/100 LD50 for 4 weeks (one dose every week). Blood was collected before dosing and after 48 hours from the treatment. Enzyme activities were assayed in the plasma samples obtained. Glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), Glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), Alkaline phosphatase (ALPH) and Glucose. The results showed a decrease in RBC; WBC and Hb. This probably explained by the effect of lambda cyhalothrin on the erythropoiesis and the destruction of cells. An increase of plasma enzyme activities in GOT and GPT were recorded, explain a high energy-generating product. The histopathological results showed alteration on the target organs such as liver and kidney, these biochemical and histological modifications are probably due to the effect of lambda cyhalothrin or their metabolites.
农药是广泛使用的化学品，这使得人类接触农药成为一种现实的可能性。生物监测是评估人类接触农药的常用且有用的工具。拟除虫菊酯是有效的杀虫剂，常用于家用喷雾剂、气溶胶炸弹、驱虫剂、宠物洗发水和虱子治疗。使用含有这些化合物的产品会使人们接触到这些化学物质。由于这些化合物经常用于农作物，它们经常在水果和蔬菜中被检测到。接触生物监测是评估农药接触情况的有用工具。生物监测涉及在生物介质（通常是血液或尿液）中测量母体农药、其代谢物或反应产物，以确定是否发生了接触以及接触的程度。尽管并非没有局限性，但生物监测在整合所有接触途径以进行一次接触测量方面具有很大的实用性。农药在环境中的半衰期要短得多，并且往往不会生物累积。事实上，在24小时内，母体农药、巯基尿酸解毒产物、氧化或脱烷基代谢物以及/或葡萄糖醛酸或硫酸盐结合的代谢物会从人体内排出。然而，由于这些化学品在农业和住宅中的大量使用，人类不断接触到其中许多化学品。本研究的目的是探索用高效氯氟氰菊酯（商品名功夫）处理的大鼠的毒理病理反应的变化。体重250克的大鼠，按1/100 LD50灌胃4周（每周一剂）。在给药前和治疗48小时后采集血液。对获得的血浆样本进行酶活性测定。谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALPH）和葡萄糖。结果显示红细胞、白细胞和血红蛋白减少。这可能是由于高效氯氟氰菊酯对红细胞生成和细胞破坏的影响所致。记录到血浆中GOT和GPT的酶活性增加，可以解释为产生了高能量产物。组织病理学结果显示肝脏和肾脏等靶器官发生了改变，这些生化和组织学改变可能是由于高效氯氟氰菊酯或其代谢物的作用。
