Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2010 Apr;13(2):116-23. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2010.01.016. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
Two-component systems regulate crucial cellular processes in microorganisms, and each comprises a homodimeric histidine kinase receptor and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Histidine kinases, often membrane associated, detect environmental input at sensor domains and propagate resulting signals to catalytic cytoplasmic transmitter domains. Recent studies on the great diversity of sensor domains reveal patterns of domain organization and biochemical properties that provide insight into mechanisms of signaling. Despite the enormous sequence variability found within sensor input domains, they fall into a relatively small number of discrete structural classes. Subtle rearrangements along a structurally labile dimer interface, in the form of possible sliding or rotational motions, are propagated from the sensor domain to the transmitter domain to modulate activity of the receptor.
双组分系统调节微生物中至关重要的细胞过程，每个系统由一个同源二聚体组氨酸激酶受体和一个细胞质响应调节剂组成。组氨酸激酶通常与膜相关，在传感器结构域检测环境输入，并将产生的信号传递到催化细胞质传输器结构域。最近对传感器结构域多样性的研究揭示了结构域组织和生化特性的模式，为信号转导机制提供了深入了解。尽管在传感器输入结构域中发现了巨大的序列可变性，但它们仍属于相对较少的离散结构类别。在结构不稳定的二聚体界面上沿着一个结构不稳定的二聚体界面进行微妙的重排，以可能的滑动或旋转运动的形式，从传感器结构域传播到传输器结构域，从而调节受体的活性。
