Anitua Eduardo, Tapia Raul, Luzuriaga Felipe, Orive Gorka
Biotechnology Institute IMASD, Vitoria, Spain.
Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2010 Feb;30(1):89-95.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the length, diameter, and geometry of Biotechnology Institute dental implants on stress distribution in bone. Three-dimensional finite element models of osseointegrated titanium dental implants were created for this study. A force of 150 N was applied at an angle of 30 degrees. The four implant systems used were: Tiny, Interna Universal, Interna Plus, and Interna Wide, and presented the following platforms: 3.5, 4.1, 4.1 (with a 4.8-mm neck), and 5.5 mm, respectively. Implant lengths of 8.5, 10.0, 11.5, 13.0, and 15.0 mm and diameters of 2.5, 3.3, 3.75, 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 mm were evaluated. Results showed that the effect of implant diameter on stress distribution in bone was more significant than the effect of the implant's length or its geometry. The maximum stress was located around the neck of the implant and the majority of the stress, independent of the parameter being studied, was distributed in the bone adjacent to the first six threads of the implant. Based on these finite element studies, the use of wider implants may be better to dissipate the acting forces and thus reduce the stress in the bone surrounding the implant. Additionally, the use of shorter and wider implants might be a reasonable alternative in sites limited by the height of the residual ridge.
本研究的目的是评估生物技术研究所牙科种植体的长度、直径和几何形状对骨内应力分布的影响。为此研究创建了骨结合钛牙科种植体的三维有限元模型。以30度角施加150 N的力。所使用的四种种植体系统分别是：Tiny、Interna Universal、Interna Plus和Interna Wide，其平台直径分别为3.5、4.1、4.1（颈部为4.8 mm）和5.5 mm。评估了长度为8.5、10.0、11.5、13.0和15.0 mm以及直径为2.5、3.3、3.75、4.0、4.5和5.0 mm的种植体。结果表明，种植体直径对骨内应力分布的影响比种植体长度或几何形状的影响更为显著。最大应力位于种植体颈部周围，并且无论研究的参数如何，大部分应力都分布在种植体前六螺纹相邻的骨中。基于这些有限元研究，使用更宽的种植体可能更有利于分散作用力，从而降低种植体周围骨中的应力。此外，在受剩余牙槽嵴高度限制的部位，使用更短、更宽的种植体可能是一种合理的选择。
