Qiu Piaopiao, Cao Rongkai, Li Zhaoyang, Fan Zhen
Department of Implantology, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 22;10(5):e26876. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26876. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
With a wide range of dental implants currently used in clinical scenarios, evidence is limited on selecting the type of dental implant best suited to endure the biting force of missing teeth. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is a reliable technology which has been applied in dental implantology to study the distribution of biomechanical stress within the bone and dental implants.
This study aimed to perform a systematic review to evaluate the biomechanical properties of dental implants regarding their length and diameter using FEA.
A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed studies published in English from October 2003 to October 2023. Data were organized based on the following topics: area, bone layers, type of bone, design of implant, implant material, diameter of implant, length of implant, stress units, type of loading, experimental validation, convergence analysis, boundary conditions, parts of Finite Element Model, stability factor, study variables, and main findings. The present study is registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42022382211.
The query yielded 852 results, of which 40 studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected in this study. The diameter and length of the dental implants were found to significantly influence the stress distribution in cortical and cancellous bone, respectively. Implant diameter was identified as a key factor in minimizing peri-implant stress concentrations and avoiding crestal overloading. In terms of stress reduction, implant length becomes increasingly important as bone density decreases.
The diameter of dental implants is more important than implant length in reducing bone stress distribution and improving implant stability under both static and immediate loading conditions. Short implants with a larger diameter were found to generate lower stresses than longer implants with a smaller diameter. Other potential influential design factors including implant system, cantilever length, thread features, and abutment collar height should also be considered in future implant design as they may also have an impact on implant performance.
目前临床使用的牙种植体种类繁多，但关于选择最适合承受缺牙咬合力的牙种植体类型的证据有限。有限元分析（FEA）是一种可靠的技术，已应用于牙种植学，用于研究骨和牙种植体内生物力学应力的分布。
本研究旨在进行系统评价，以使用有限元分析评估牙种植体在长度和直径方面的生物力学性能。
在PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Embase和Web of Science中进行全面检索，以查找2003年10月至2023年10月以英文发表的同行评审研究。数据根据以下主题进行整理：区域、骨层、骨类型、种植体设计、种植体材料、种植体直径、种植体长度、应力单位、加载类型、实验验证、收敛分析、边界条件、有限元模型部件、稳定性因子、研究变量和主要发现。本研究已在PROSPERO注册，注册号为CRD42022382211。
该查询产生了852个结果，其中40项研究符合纳入标准并被本研究选中。发现牙种植体的直径和长度分别对皮质骨和松质骨中的应力分布有显著影响。种植体直径被确定为最小化种植体周围应力集中和避免牙槽嵴过载的关键因素。在应力降低方面，随着骨密度降低，种植体长度变得越来越重要。
在静态和即刻加载条件下，牙种植体的直径在减少骨应力分布和提高种植体稳定性方面比种植体长度更重要。发现直径较大的短种植体比直径较小的长种植体产生的应力更低。未来的种植体设计还应考虑其他潜在的有影响的设计因素，包括种植体系统、悬臂长度、螺纹特征和基台颈圈高度，因为它们也可能对种植体性能产生影响。
