Institute of Biology I, Plant Physiology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Photosynth Res. 2010 Nov;106(1-2):103-22. doi: 10.1007/s11120-010-9536-x. Epub 2010 Mar 12.
The xanthophyll cycle represents one of the important photoprotection mechanisms in plant cells. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge about the violaxanthin cycle of vascular plants, green and brown algae, and the diadinoxanthin cycle of the algal classes Bacillariophyceae, Xanthophyceae, Haptophyceae, and Dinophyceae. We address the biochemistry of the xanthophyll cycle enzymes with a special focus on protein structure, co-substrate requirements and regulation of enzyme activity. We present recent ideas regarding the structural basis of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection, including different models for the mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll a fluorescence. In a dedicated chapter, we also describe the unique violaxanthin antheraxanthin cycle of the Prasinophyceae, together with its implication for the mechanism of xanthophyll cycle-dependent heat dissipation. The interaction between the diadinoxanthin cycle and alternative electron flow pathways in the chloroplasts of diatoms is an additional topic of this review, and in the last chapter we cover aspects of the importance of xanthophyll cycle-dependent photoprotection for different algal species in their natural environments.
叶黄素循环是植物细胞中一种重要的光保护机制。在本综述中，我们总结了关于维管束植物、绿藻和褐藻的紫黄质循环，以及甲藻门、黄藻门、隐藻门和甲藻门的硅藻循环的最新知识。我们重点介绍了叶黄素循环酶的生物化学特性，包括蛋白质结构、辅酶要求和酶活性调节。我们介绍了最近关于叶黄素循环依赖性光保护的结构基础的想法，包括叶绿素 a 荧光非光化学猝灭机制的不同模型。在一个专门的章节中，我们还描述了甲藻门特有的紫黄质花药黄质循环，以及它对叶黄素循环依赖性热耗散机制的影响。此外，本文还讨论了硅藻叶绿体中二氢玉米黄质循环与替代电子流动途径之间的相互作用，最后一章介绍了叶黄素循环依赖性光保护对不同藻类在其自然环境中的重要性。
