Bourmaud Aurélie, Nourissat Alice, Chauvin Franck
Centre Hygée, Institut de cancérologie de la Loire, département de santé publique, 42270 Saint-Priest-en-Jarez.
Rev Prat. 2010 Feb 20;60(2):183-8, 190.
Early diagnosis is the most efficient way to decrease mortality rate, side effects and sequelae due to cancer. The first step consists in anticipating diagnosis by simultenaously taking into consideration non specific clinical symptoms and risk of cancer estimated by the combination of individual risk factors. Screening is a different way to anticipate diagnosis of cancer. Screening is a systematic investigation performed without clinical symptoms. Organised cancer screening programs allow quality control, evaluation and efficiency measure of the screening policy. Opportunist screenings as developed in some countries or for particular tumours are decided by practitioners and patients following practice recommendations. Side effects of these approaches have to be kept in mind: overdiagnosis and socio-economic inequalities must be controlled for both opportunistic and organised screenings.
早期诊断是降低癌症死亡率、副作用和后遗症的最有效方法。第一步是通过同时考虑非特异性临床症状以及由个体风险因素组合估算出的癌症风险来提前诊断。筛查是提前诊断癌症的另一种方式。筛查是在没有临床症状的情况下进行的系统性调查。有组织的癌症筛查项目能够对筛查政策进行质量控制、评估和效率衡量。一些国家开展的针对特定肿瘤的机会性筛查是由从业者和患者根据实践建议决定的。必须牢记这些方法的副作用：对于机会性筛查和有组织的筛查，都必须控制过度诊断和社会经济不平等问题。
