University of Illinois at Chicago, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health (MC 922), 2121 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7260, USA.
J Safety Res. 2010 Feb;41(1):31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2009.11.002. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
With more than a million youth living on agricultural operations, it is important for parents to understand the consequences of bystander injuries that children experience in these environments. We identified the childhood injuries for bystander status and compared the severity of these injuries to the working children in the Regional Rural Injury Study-II (RRIS-II).
RRIS-II followed 16,546 children ( approximately 85% of eligible) from rural communities in the Midwest for two six-month recall periods in 1999 and 2001. Demographic, injury, and exposure data were collected through comprehensive computer-assisted telephone interviews. Child injuries were cataloged using narrative scenarios into four categories: (a) directly work-related; (b) indirectly work-related; (c) non-working accomplice; and (d) non-working attendant; the latter three all being bystander categories. Poisson regression modeling was used to calculate rates of bystander injuries. Frequencies were used for comparison of severity measures.
Among the 463 child injuries (aged <20yrs), 102 were bystander injuries. Of the bystander-related injuries, 14 were identified as indirectly work-related (working bystanders), 27 as non-working accomplice (passengers/tag-alongs), and 60 as non-working attendant (playing on the operation). The overall rate of bystander injuries was 6.4 per 1,000 people, 95% CI (5.0, 8.1). Males, compared with females, had more than twice the injury rate (8.7; 95% CI 6.4-11.8, and 3.9; 95% CI 2.7-5.7, per 1,000 people, respectively). Bystanders in this population had more severe injuries with 4% having life-threatening circumstances; of these, 4% of the accomplices and 2% of the attendants subsequently died.
Children who live or work on agricultural operations are vulnerable to many hazards. Therefore, this study examined child injuries and found a clear difference in the consequences of these injuries between working-related and bystanding-related injuries.
Unlike occupations such as construction and mining, where laws and organizations have been created for the protection of bystanders, agricultural bystanders have remained unprotected and have had to face the consequent injury and death outcomes. As public health professionals considering these risks, it is necessary that we work to develop more intervention studies and continue to propose suggestive guidelines for child safety in these environments so as to challenge family traditions and possibly spark public policies that will give further protection to this population.
有超过 100 万的青少年在农业经营活动中生活，了解儿童在这些环境中经历的旁观者伤害的后果对父母来说很重要。我们确定了儿童旁观者身份的童年伤害，并将这些伤害与区域农村伤害研究-II (RRIS-II) 中的工作儿童进行了比较。
RRIS-II 对中西部农村社区的 16546 名儿童（约占合格儿童的 85%）进行了为期两年的随访，在 1999 年和 2001 年进行了两次为期六个月的回忆。通过综合计算机辅助电话访谈收集人口统计学、伤害和暴露数据。使用叙述性情景将儿童伤害分类为四类：（a）直接与工作相关；（b）间接与工作相关；（c）非工作伙伴；（d）非工作陪同人员；后三个均为旁观者类别。使用泊松回归模型计算旁观者伤害的发生率。使用频率比较严重程度指标。
在 463 名儿童伤害（年龄<20 岁）中，有 102 名是旁观者伤害。在旁观者相关伤害中，有 14 例被确定为间接与工作相关（工作旁观者），27 例为非工作伙伴（乘客/随行人员），60 例为非工作陪同人员（在作业中玩耍）。旁观者伤害的总体发生率为每 1000 人 6.4 人，95%CI（5.0，8.1）。与女性相比，男性的伤害发生率高出两倍以上（每 1000 人分别为 8.7；95%CI 6.4-11.8 和 3.9；95%CI 2.7-5.7）。在这一人群中，旁观者的伤害更为严重，有 4%的人有生命危险；其中，同伴的 4%和陪同人员的 2%随后死亡。
生活或工作在农业经营活动中的儿童容易受到许多危害。因此，本研究调查了儿童伤害情况，发现工作相关伤害和旁观相关伤害之间的后果存在明显差异。
与建筑和采矿等职业不同，这些职业已经为旁观者的保护制定了法律和组织，农业旁观者一直没有得到保护，不得不面对随之而来的伤害和死亡后果。作为考虑这些风险的公共卫生专业人员，我们有必要开展更多的干预研究，并继续提出有关儿童在这些环境中安全的建议性指导方针，以挑战家庭传统，并可能引发将进一步保护这一人群的公共政策。
