Molecular Ecology and Ecological Genomics Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Trends Genet. 2010 Apr;26(4):177-87. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2010.01.001.
Over the past twenty years conservation genetics has progressed from being mainly a theory-based field of population biology to a full-grown empirical discipline. Technological developments in molecular genetics have led to extensive use of neutral molecular markers such as microsatellites in conservation biology. This has allowed assessment of the impact of genetic drift on genetic variation, of the level of inbreeding within populations, and of the amount of gene flow between or within populations. Recent developments in genomic techniques, including next generation sequencing, whole genome scans and gene-expression pattern analysis, have made it possible to step up from a limited number of neutral markers to genome-wide estimates of functional genetic variation. Here, we focus on how the transition of conservation genetics to conservation genomics leads to insights into the dynamics of selectively important variation and its interaction with environmental conditions, and into the mechanisms behind this interaction.
在过去的二十年中，保护遗传学已经从一个主要基于理论的种群生物学领域发展成为一个成熟的经验学科。分子遗传学技术的发展导致了中性分子标记（如微卫星）在保护生物学中的广泛应用。这使得人们可以评估遗传漂变对遗传变异、种群内近交程度以及种群间或种群内基因流动的影响。基因组技术的最新发展，包括下一代测序、全基因组扫描和基因表达模式分析，使得从有限数量的中性标记到功能遗传变异的全基因组估计成为可能。在这里，我们重点讨论保护遗传学向保护基因组学的转变如何深入了解选择重要变异的动态及其与环境条件的相互作用，以及这种相互作用背后的机制。
