Nielsen Einar E, Hemmer-Hansen Jakob, Larsen Peter Foged, Bekkevold Dorte
Technical University of Denmark, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Vejlsøvej 39, Silkeborg, Denmark.
Mol Ecol. 2009 Aug;18(15):3128-50. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04272.x. Epub 2009 Jul 14.
Studies of adaptive evolution have experienced a recent revival in population genetics of natural populations and there is currently much focus on identifying genomic signatures of selection in space and time. Insights into local adaptation, adaptive response to global change and evolutionary consequences of selective harvesting can be generated through population genomics studies, allowing the separation of the effects invoked by neutral processes (drift-migration) from those due to selection. Such knowledge is important not only for improving our basic understanding of natural as well as human-induced evolutionary processes, but also for predicting future trajectories of biodiversity and for setting conservation priorities. Marine fishes possess a number of features rendering them well suited for providing general insights into adaptive genomic evolution in natural populations. These include well-described population structures, substantial and rapidly developing genomic resources and abundant archived samples enabling temporal studies. Furthermore, superior possibilities for conducting large-scale experiments under controlled conditions, due to the economic resources provided by the large and growing aquaculture industry, hold great promise for utilizing recent technological developments. Here, we review achievements in marine fish genomics to date and highlight potential avenues for future research, which will provide both general insights into evolution in high gene flow species, as well as specific knowledge which can lead to improved management of marine organisms.
适应性进化的研究在自然种群的群体遗传学中最近有所复兴，目前人们非常关注确定时空上选择的基因组特征。通过群体基因组学研究可以深入了解局部适应性、对全球变化的适应性反应以及选择性捕捞的进化后果，从而能够将中性过程（漂变 - 迁移）所引发的效应与选择所导致的效应区分开来。这些知识不仅对于增进我们对自然以及人类引发的进化过程的基本理解很重要，而且对于预测生物多样性的未来轨迹以及确定保护重点也很重要。海洋鱼类具有许多特征，使其非常适合用于深入了解自然种群中的适应性基因组进化。这些特征包括描述详尽的种群结构、大量且迅速发展的基因组资源以及丰富的存档样本，便于进行时间序列研究。此外，由于庞大且不断发展的水产养殖业提供的经济资源，在可控条件下进行大规模实验的可能性更大，这为利用最新技术发展带来了巨大希望。在这里，我们回顾了迄今为止海洋鱼类基因组学的成就，并强调了未来研究的潜在途径，这将既为高基因流物种的进化提供一般性见解，也能提供有助于改善海洋生物管理的具体知识。
