Centre for Ecotoxicology, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Technology-Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2011 Feb;173(1-4):397-407. doi: 10.1007/s10661-010-1395-6. Epub 2010 Mar 13.
Three frog species (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Limnodynastes fletcheri and Litoria raniformis) were surveyed in rice bays of the Coleambally Irrigation Area (CIA), NSW, Australia, during the rice-growing seasons of 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. A total external morphological abnormality index of 7.0% was observed in frogs of the CIA (n=1,209). The types and frequencies of abnormalities were typical of reports from agricultural areas with ectrodactyly being the most common aberration. A relatively low abnormality index of 1.2% was observed in L. raniformis (n=87) compared to indices of 7.1% and 8.2% observed in L. fletcheri (n=694) and L. tasmaniensis (n=428), respectively. No conclusive evidence was found of unnaturally high rates of intersex, gonadal maldevelopment or unbalanced sex ratios in any species. Rice bay surface waters differed significantly in mean pesticide concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor on farms growing rice and corn compared to farms with rice as the sole crop. However, the similar abnormality indices observed in recent metamorphs emerging from these two farm types provided no evidence to suggest a link between larval exposure to the measured pesticides and developmental malformations.
在 2005/2006 年和 2006/2007 年的水稻种植季节，对澳大利亚新南威尔士州 Coleambally 灌溉区（CIA）的水稻湾中的三种青蛙（Limnodynastes tasmaniensis、Limnodynastes fletcheri 和 Litoria raniformis）进行了调查。在 CIA 的青蛙中观察到总外部形态异常指数为 7.0%（n=1,209）。异常的类型和频率与农业地区的报告典型，多指畸形是最常见的异常。与 L. fletcheri（n=694）和 L. tasmaniensis（n=428）的 7.1%和 8.2%的指数相比，L. raniformis（n=87）的异常指数相对较低，为 1.2%。在任何一种物种中，都没有发现性器官发育不全或性别比例失衡等异常高比率的明确证据。与仅种植水稻的农场相比，种植水稻和玉米的农场的稻田地表水的莠去津和甲草胺的平均农药浓度存在显著差异。然而，从这两种农场类型中孵化出的近期变态幼蛙的相似异常指数并没有提供证据表明幼虫接触所测农药与发育畸形之间存在联系。
