Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, ON, Canada L7R 4A6.
Chemosphere. 2011 Feb;82(8):1155-60. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.12.054. Epub 2011 Jan 6.
Concerns regarding the impacts of pesticides on aquatic species and drinking water sources have increased demands on water quality monitoring programs; however the costs of sample analysis can be prohibitive. In this study we investigated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a cost-effective, high through-put method for measuring pesticide concentrations in surface waters. Seven hundred and thirty-nine samples from 158 locations throughout Ontario were analysed for atrazine and metolachlor from April to October 2007. Concentrations ranged from <0.1 to 3.91 μg L(-1) (median=0.12 μg L(-1)) for atrazine and from <0.1 to 1.83 μg L(-1) (median=0.09 μg L(-1)) for metolachlor. Peak concentrations occurred in late spring/early summer, in rural agricultural locations, and decreased over the remainder of the growing season for both herbicides. About 3% of the samples that had ELISA results occurring above the limit of quantification (0.10 μg L(-1)) were evaluated against gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Linear regression analysis revealed a R(2) value of 0.88 and 0.39, for atrazine and metolachlor, respectively. ELISA tended to overestimate concentrations for atrazine and metolachlor, most likely because the ELISA kits also detect their metabolites. Atrazine data suggest that ELISA may be used complementary with GC-MS analysis to enhance the spatial and temporal resolution of a water quality monitoring study. The commercially available metolachlor ELISA kit requires further investigation. ELISA may be used to detect atrazine and metolachlor in surface water samples, but it is not recommended as a quantitative replacement for traditional analytical methods.
人们越来越关注杀虫剂对水生生物和饮用水源的影响，这使得对水质监测计划的需求增加；但是，样品分析的成本可能过高。在本研究中，我们研究了酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）作为一种经济高效、高通量的方法，用于测量地表水中的农药浓度。2007 年 4 月至 10 月，对安大略省 158 个地点的 739 个样本进行了测定，以检测阿特拉津和甲草胺的浓度。阿特拉津的浓度范围为<0.1 至 3.91μg/L（中位数=0.12μg/L），甲草胺的浓度范围为<0.1 至 1.83μg/L（中位数=0.09μg/L）。两种除草剂的浓度峰值都出现在春末夏初的农村农业地区，并且在整个生长季节的剩余时间里都有所下降。约有 3%的 ELISA 结果超过定量限（0.10μg/L）的样本与气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）进行了评估。线性回归分析显示，阿特拉津和甲草胺的 R2 值分别为 0.88 和 0.39。ELISA 可能会高估阿特拉津和甲草胺的浓度，这很可能是因为 ELISA 试剂盒也能检测它们的代谢物。阿特拉津的数据表明，ELISA 可以与 GC-MS 分析相结合使用，以提高水质监测研究的空间和时间分辨率。市售的甲草胺 ELISA 试剂盒需要进一步研究。ELISA 可用于检测地表水样本中的阿特拉津和甲草胺，但不建议将其作为传统分析方法的定量替代品。
