Tembler Silvia E, Schüssler Gerhard
Klinische Psychologin in freier Praxis.
Z Psychosom Med Psychother. 2009;55(4):393-403. doi: 10.13109/zptm.2009.55.4.393.
Findings are lacking that would prove the validity of the present classification of depressive disorders (ICD-10 and DSM-IV). For most depressions, such as nonmelancholic depression, personality style plays an important role for overcoming the stressful situation.
During a 3-month follow-up-study we compared a sample of 50 depressed patients with a sample of 50 non-depressed people and further investigated subtypes of the wider class of so-called nonmelancholic depression.
We found significant differences between the temperament and personality styles of the depressed and non-depressed subjects. The depressed sample showed significantly more anxiety, interpersonal sensitivity, social avoidance and reservations. An analysis of the subtypes of nonmelancholic depression confirmed the existence of a hostile and anxious depression, but not of an obsessive depression.
A multidimensional model for the classification of depressive disorders would appear to be beneficial. It is indispensable for future differential diagnosis and treatment efficiency that the various temperament and personality styles ("neurotic depression") be explored.
缺乏能证明当前抑郁障碍分类（国际疾病分类第10版和精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版）有效性的研究结果。对于大多数抑郁症，如非忧郁性抑郁症，人格风格在克服压力情境中起着重要作用。
在一项为期3个月的随访研究中，我们将50名抑郁症患者的样本与50名非抑郁症患者的样本进行了比较，并进一步研究了所谓非忧郁性抑郁症这一宽泛类别中的亚型。
我们发现抑郁症患者与非抑郁症患者在气质和人格风格上存在显著差异。抑郁症样本表现出明显更多的焦虑、人际敏感性、社交回避和保留态度。对非忧郁性抑郁症亚型的分析证实了存在一种敌意和焦虑性抑郁症，但不存在强迫性抑郁症。
抑郁障碍分类的多维模型似乎是有益的。探索各种气质和人格风格（“神经症性抑郁症”）对于未来的鉴别诊断和治疗效果而言是必不可少的。
