Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine, MRC Human Genetics Unit and Division of Cancer Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res. 2010 Jun;23(3):314-37. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-148X.2010.00693.x. Epub 2010 Mar 8.
Experimental animal models are extremely valuable for the study of human diseases, especially those with underlying genetic components. The exploitation of various animal models, from fruitflies to mice, has led to major advances in our understanding of the etiologies of many diseases, including cancer. Cutaneous malignant melanoma is a form of cancer for which both environmental insult (i.e., UV) and hereditary predisposition are major causative factors. Fish melanoma models have been used in studies of both spontaneous and induced melanoma formation. Genetic hybrids between platyfish and swordtails, different species of the genus Xiphophorus, have been studied since the 1920s to identify genetic determinants of pigmentation and melanoma formation. Recently, transgenesis has been used to develop zebrafish and medaka models for melanoma research. This review will provide a historical perspective on the use of fish models in melanoma research, and an updated summary of current and prospective studies using these unique experimental systems.
实验动物模型对于研究人类疾病非常有价值，尤其是那些具有潜在遗传成分的疾病。从果蝇到老鼠等各种动物模型的利用，使我们对许多疾病的病因学有了重大的了解，包括癌症。皮肤恶性黑色素瘤是一种癌症，环境刺激（即 UV）和遗传易感性都是主要的致病因素。鱼类黑色素瘤模型已被用于研究自发性和诱导性黑色素瘤的形成。自 20 世纪 20 年代以来，人们一直在研究鲷鱼和平鳍鱼和剑尾鱼之间的遗传杂种，这两个物种属于 Xiphophorus 属，以确定色素沉着和黑色素瘤形成的遗传决定因素。最近，转基因技术已被用于开发斑马鱼和青鳉鱼的黑色素瘤研究模型。这篇综述将提供鱼类模型在黑色素瘤研究中的应用的历史视角，并对当前和未来使用这些独特的实验系统的研究进行更新总结。
