Jiménez-Pavón David, Ortega Francisco B, Ruiz Jonatan R, Chillón Palma, Castillo Ruth, Artero Enrique G, Martinez-Gómez David, Vicente-Rodriguez German, Rey-López Juan P, Gracia Luis A, Noriega Maria José, Moreno Luis A, Gonzalez-Gross Marcela
Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain.
Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010 Dec;5(6):467-73. doi: 10.3109/17477160903576093. Epub 2010 Mar 17.
This study was to examine the influence of socioeconomic status on fitness and fatness in Spanish adolescents.
A total of 1 795 adolescents (833 boys) aged 12.5-18.5 years from the AVENA study participated in this study. The following physical fitness components were assessed: muscular strength (standing long jump), speed-agility (4 × 10 m shuttle run) and cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m shuttle run). Total and central body fat was assessed using skinfold thickness and waist circumference, respectively. Both parents reported their educational and professional level.
Girls with higher paternal educational level and boys with higher either maternal or paternal professional level had higher muscular strength levels (all P<0.05). Speed-agility and cardiorespiratory fitness were not associated with parental educational or professional levels in boys. In contrast, girls with higher paternal educational level or higher parental professional level had higher levels in both fitness components (all P<0.05). A higher maternal educational level was associated with lower total and central body fat in boys (all P<0.05), but not in girls. We observed a small effect size (Cohen's d∼0.2) in most of these associations.
Our results suggest modest associations of high socioeconomic status with better fitness and fatness levels in Spanish adolescents. These associations greatly depend on the socioeconomic status and fitness parameters studied.
本研究旨在探讨社会经济地位对西班牙青少年健康状况和肥胖程度的影响。
共有1795名年龄在12.5至18.5岁之间的青少年（833名男孩）参与了AVENA研究。对以下身体素质指标进行了评估：肌肉力量（立定跳远）、速度敏捷性（4×10米往返跑）和心肺功能（20米往返跑）。分别使用皮褶厚度和腰围评估全身及腹部脂肪。父母双方均报告了他们的教育程度和职业水平。
父亲教育程度较高的女孩以及母亲或父亲职业水平较高的男孩，肌肉力量水平更高（所有P<0.05）。男孩的速度敏捷性和心肺功能与父母的教育程度或职业水平无关。相比之下，父亲教育程度较高或父母职业水平较高的女孩在这两项身体素质指标上的水平更高（所有P<0.05）。母亲教育程度较高与男孩较低的全身及腹部脂肪有关（所有P<0.05），但与女孩无关。在大多数这些关联中，我们观察到较小的效应量（科恩d值约为0.2）。
我们的研究结果表明，社会经济地位较高与西班牙青少年更好的健康状况和肥胖程度之间存在适度关联。这些关联很大程度上取决于所研究的社会经济地位和健康参数。
