School of Human Kinetics, MNT 376, University of Ottawa, 125 University Ave., Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
J Sch Health. 2010 Feb;80(2):57-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00466.x.
School-based interventions are critical for enhancing the health of youth. The Goals for Health (GFH) school-based project was a goal-setting and life-skills intervention conducted in rural areas to increase self-efficacy, knowledge, and positive behaviors related to healthy eating. The intervention was peer-led with high school students teaching health and life skills to sixth-grade students. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the GFH school-based program on healthy eating outcomes related to self-efficacy, attitudes, knowledge, and behavior, and to examine the impact of quality of program implementation on the above outcomes.
Twenty-three rural schools in Virginia (15) and New York (8) participated in the study. Twelve of the schools were intervention schools that received the 12-week GFH program. The remaining 11 were wait-list control schools. Sixth graders (n = 2120 baseline) from all schools were surveyed at 4 time points (preintervention, postintervention, 1 and 2 year follow-up).
Results included significant change patterns across the 4 assessment points in the predicted direction for healthy eating-related self-efficacy and fat and fiber knowledge. No significant change patterns were found at follow-up for fat, fiber, or fruit and vegetable intake. Results also indicated differences across gender and ethnicity and significant findings related to quality of implementation.
Future interventions need to provide opportunities to practice healthy living skills over an extended period of time, include components that focus on contextual change in the school and the family, and monitor program implementation.
以学校为基础的干预措施对于增强青少年的健康至关重要。基于目标的健康（GFH）学校项目是在农村地区进行的一项目标设定和生活技能干预措施，旨在提高与健康饮食相关的自我效能、知识和积极行为。该干预措施由高中生主导，向六年级学生教授健康和生活技能。本研究旨在检验 GFH 学校项目对与自我效能、态度、知识和行为相关的健康饮食结果的影响，并检验项目实施质量对上述结果的影响。
弗吉尼亚州（15 所）和纽约州（8 所）的 23 所农村学校参与了这项研究。其中 12 所为干预学校，接受了为期 12 周的 GFH 项目。其余 11 所为候补控制学校。所有学校的六年级学生（n = 2120 名基线）在 4 个时间点（干预前、干预后、1 年和 2 年随访）接受了调查。
结果显示，在健康饮食相关的自我效能和脂肪与纤维知识方面，有符合预期的显著变化模式。在随访时，没有发现脂肪、纤维或水果和蔬菜摄入量的显著变化模式。研究结果还表明，性别和种族之间存在差异，以及与实施质量相关的显著发现。
未来的干预措施需要提供机会，让学生在较长时间内练习健康生活技能，包括关注学校和家庭环境变化的部分，并监测项目实施情况。
