Department of Molecular Biology, Section of Microbiology, University of Siena, and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Siena University Hospital, Policlinico Santa Maria alle Scotte, Viale Bracci, 53100 Siena, Italy.
Genome Med. 2010 Feb 25;2(2):15. doi: 10.1186/gm136.
Antibiotic resistance is a public health issue of global dimensions with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and healthcare-associated costs. The problem has recently been worsened by the steady increase in multiresistant strains and by the restriction of antibiotic discovery and development programs. Recent advances in the field of bacterial genomics will further current knowledge on antibiotic resistance and help to tackle the problem. Bacterial genomics and transcriptomics can inform our understanding of resistance mechanisms, and comparative genomic analysis can provide relevant information on the evolution of resistant strains and on resistance genes and cognate genetic elements. Moreover, bacterial genomics, including functional and structural genomics, is also proving to be instrumental in the identification of new targets, which is a crucial step in new antibiotic discovery programs.
抗生素耐药性是一个具有全球影响的公共卫生问题，对发病率、死亡率和与医疗保健相关的成本都有重大影响。最近，多耐药菌株的不断增加以及抗生素发现和开发项目的限制，使这个问题更加恶化。细菌基因组学领域的最新进展将进一步加深我们对抗生素耐药性的认识，并有助于解决这个问题。细菌基因组学和转录组学可以帮助我们了解耐药机制，比较基因组分析可以提供有关耐药菌株进化以及耐药基因和同源遗传元件的相关信息。此外，细菌基因组学，包括功能基因组学和结构基因组学，也被证明有助于确定新的靶标，这是新抗生素发现项目的关键步骤。
