Azman J, Init I, Wan Yusoff W S
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Trop Biomed. 2009 Dec;26(3):289-302.
This study is the first report on the occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts in recreational rivers water from Malaysia. It was carried out in water samples at two rivers, 'Sungai Congkak' and 'Sungai Batu', located in Selangor State. The occurrence of both Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum (oo)cysts was higher in Sungai Congkak (50% or 15/30 and 10% or 3/30 respectively) than Sungai Batu (16% or 5/30 and 3.3% or 1/30 respectively). The mean density of cysts/L was 0.72 in Sungai Congkak and 0.023 in Sungai Batu, and that of oocysts/L was 0.023 in Sungai Congkak and 0.0033 in Sungai Batu, showing that the occurrence of Giardia was higher and more frequent than Cryptosporidium in both rivers. Sungai Congkak also showed higher faecal coliforms count (ranging from 0.48x10³ to 73x10³ CFU/100 mL) than Sungai Batu (0.41x10³ to 16x10³ CFU/100 mL). On the other hand, the Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts and faecal coliforms were more concentrated at the downstream station, followed by midstream and upstream stations which might be due to human factors where settlements and recreation areas were located around and between midstream and downstream stations. The (oo)cysts and faecal coliforms also increased during public holidays due to the significantly higher number of visitors (bathers) compared with the week days. All the parameters (physical, faecal coliforms and rainfall) did not show consistent significant correlation (based on r values of Pearson correlation analysis) with both protozoa, therefore these parameters are not suitable as indicator for the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts in both rivers.
本研究是关于马来西亚休闲河流水体中贾第虫和隐孢子虫（卵）囊出现情况的首份报告。该研究在雪兰莪州的两条河流——“双溪聪卡河”和“双溪峇都河”采集的水样中开展。双溪聪卡河中兰氏贾第虫和微小隐孢子虫卵（囊）的出现率（分别为50%或15/30以及10%或3/30）高于双溪峇都河（分别为16%或5/30以及3.3%或1/30）。双溪聪卡河中囊/升的平均密度为0.72，双溪峇都河中为0.023；双溪聪卡河中卵囊/升的平均密度为0.023，双溪峇都河中为0.0033，这表明两条河流中贾第虫的出现率更高且更频繁。双溪聪卡河的粪大肠菌群计数（范围为0.48×10³至73×10³ CFU/100 mL）也高于双溪峇都河（0.41×10³至16×10³ CFU/100 mL）。另一方面，贾第虫和隐孢子虫（卵）囊以及粪大肠菌群在下游站点更为集中，其次是中游和上游站点，这可能是由于人为因素，即定居点和休闲区位于中游和下游站点周围及之间。由于与工作日相比游客（游泳者）数量显著增加，（卵）囊和粪大肠菌群在公共假日期间也有所增加。所有参数（物理参数、粪大肠菌群和降雨量）与这两种原生动物均未表现出一致的显著相关性（基于Pearson相关性分析的r值），因此这些参数不适用于作为两条河流中贾第虫和隐孢子虫（卵）囊存在的指示指标。
