Richard Reena Leeba, Ithoi Init, Abd Majid Mohamad Azlan, Wan Sulaiman Wan Yusoff, Tan Tian Chye, Nissapatorn Veeranoot, Lim Yvonne Ai Lian
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2016 Jun 28;13(7):641. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13070641.
The occurrence of waterborne parasites coupled with water parameters at various processing sites of two drinking water treatment plants (A and B) and seven distribution system (DS) sites in Sarawak, Malaysia were studied. Ten liters of water underwent immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique to detect the presence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium (oo)cysts. The remaining supernatant was used to detect other parasites whilst 50 mL of water sample was each used in the detection of free-living amoebae and fecal coliforms. Sampled water was positive for Giardia (32.9%; 28/85), Cryptosporidium (18.8%; 16/85) followed by Spirometra ova-like (25.9%; 22/85), Blastocystis-like (25.9%; 22/85), nematode larvae-like (8.2%; 7/85) and Taenia ova-like (1.2%; 1/85). Meanwhile, 90.2% (55/61) samples were positive for Acanthamoeba and Naegleria via cultivation and of these, 11 isolates were confirmed as Acanthamoeba genotype T3 (5/7) and T4 (2/7) followed by Naegleria sp. (4/11), Naegleria italica (2/11), Naegleria australiensis (1/11), Naegleria angularis (1/11) and Vahlkampfia sp. (3/11). Cryptosporidium, Acanthamoeba and Naegleria were also detected in one of the seven tested DS sites. Only Giardia and Cryptosporidium showed significant correlations with fluoride and fecal coliforms. These results describe the occurrence of waterborne parasites that will assist key stakeholders in mitigating contamination at the specific sites.
对马来西亚砂拉越州两家饮用水处理厂（A厂和B厂）以及七个配水系统（DS）站点不同处理位置的水源性寄生虫的出现情况及其相关水参数进行了研究。采集10升水，采用免疫磁珠分离（IMS）技术检测贾第虫和隐孢子虫（卵）囊的存在。剩余的上清液用于检测其他寄生虫，同时各取50毫升水样用于检测自由生活阿米巴和粪大肠菌群。采集的水样中，贾第虫检测呈阳性的占32.9%（28/85），隐孢子虫检测呈阳性的占18.8%（16/85），其次是类裂头绦虫虫卵（25.9%；22/85）、类芽囊原虫（25.9%；22/85）、类线虫幼虫（8.2%；7/85）和类带绦虫虫卵（1.2%；1/85）。同时，通过培养，90.2%（55/61）的样本对棘阿米巴和耐格里属阿米巴检测呈阳性，其中11株分离株被确认为棘阿米巴基因型T3（5/7）和T4（2/7），其次是耐格里属（4/11）、意大利耐格里阿米巴（2/11）、澳大利亚耐格里阿米巴（1/11）、角形耐格里阿米巴（1/11）和瓦氏耐格里阿米巴（3/11）。在七个检测的DS站点中的一个也检测到了隐孢子虫、棘阿米巴和耐格里属阿米巴。只有贾第虫和隐孢子虫与氟化物和粪大肠菌群存在显著相关性。这些结果描述了水源性寄生虫的出现情况，将有助于关键利益相关者减轻特定地点的污染。
