Avella M, Schreck C B, Prunet P
Oregon Cooperative Fishery Research Unit, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1991 Jan;81(1):21-7. doi: 10.1016/0016-6480(91)90121-l.
Juvenile coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, adapted to fresh water or seawater were either acutely handled or continuously stressed by severe confinement. Chronic stress, independent of external salinity, caused a gradual increase in the concentration of circulating prolactin that persisted for 1 to 5 days but lagged behind the cortisol response which peaked much more rapidly and remained elevated. Acutely stressed fish showed a rapid, more transient increase in plasma cortisol titer with no apparent effect on prolactin. Confinement appeared to be more stressful to fish in salt water than to those in fresh water, as judged by their sodium regulatory ability, hormone profiles, and mortality. Stress always elevated plasma prolactin concentrations, regardless of medium or developmental stage.
适应淡水或海水环境的幼年银大麻哈鱼（Oncorhynchus kisutch），要么受到急性处理，要么因严重限制而持续处于应激状态。慢性应激与外部盐度无关，导致循环催乳素浓度逐渐升高，这种升高持续1至5天，但滞后于皮质醇反应，皮质醇反应峰值出现得更快且持续升高。急性应激的鱼血浆皮质醇滴度迅速、短暂升高，对催乳素无明显影响。从钠调节能力、激素谱和死亡率判断，限制对咸水鱼的压力似乎比对淡水鱼更大。无论处于何种介质或发育阶段，应激总是会提高血浆催乳素浓度。
