Lipman P D
National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Mar;6(1):128-33. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.1.128.
Age and exposure differences were studied in the acquisition of sequentially ordered spatial information and in memory for critical route events. Ss in 4 age groups (older adults, middle-aged adults, college students, and adolescents) viewed slides depicting 2 overlapping neighborhood routes either 1 or 3 times. Older adults were less likely to recall landmarks sequentially and were more likely to recall nonspatial associations to the routes and to regard salient landmarks (rather than turns) as critical route-maintaining events. Exposure was related to number of landmarks recalled, route scene assignment, and reason for selecting critical scenes and was marginally related to critical scene selection. The results suggest that landmark saliency may relate to route learning for older adults, influencing both encoding organization and evaluation of environmental events. The role of decline in cognitive capacity, and the tendency to encode general vs. specific aspects of complex episodic experiences, are discussed.
研究了年龄和接触差异对顺序排列的空间信息获取以及关键路线事件记忆的影响。4个年龄组（老年人、中年人、大学生和青少年）的被试观看描绘两条重叠社区路线的幻灯片，观看次数为1次或3次。老年人按顺序回忆地标的可能性较小，更有可能回忆与路线的非空间关联，并将显著地标（而非转弯）视为维持路线的关键事件。接触与回忆的地标数量、路线场景分配以及选择关键场景的原因有关，与关键场景选择存在微弱关联。结果表明，地标显著性可能与老年人的路线学习有关，影响编码组织和对环境事件的评估。讨论了认知能力下降的作用，以及对复杂情景经历的一般与特定方面进行编码的倾向。
