Kirasic K C
Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia 29208.
Psychol Aging. 1991 Mar;6(1):10-8. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.6.1.10.
Young and elderly women's performances on scene-recognition, distance-ranking, route-execution, and map-placement tasks were compared in familiar and novel supermarkets to seek evidence of an age-related deficit in spatial cognitive performance, a benefit of environmental familiarity, and an age-related decrement in the efficiency of spatial learning. Results suggested that younger adults acquired spatial information in a novel environment more quickly than did elderly adults, but findings indicated neither an age-related deficit in spatial cognitive performance nor a benefit of environmental familiarity. Scores from psychometric tests produced low correlations with cognitive task performance. Of the behaviors observed during exploration and route execution, only 1 was significantly correlated with cognitive task performance. Standing without scanning was negatively correlated with performance on 3 tasks for elderly adults only.
在熟悉和陌生的超市中，比较了年轻和年长女性在场景识别、距离排序、路线执行和地图放置任务上的表现，以寻找与年龄相关的空间认知能力缺陷、环境熟悉度的益处以及空间学习效率与年龄相关的下降的证据。结果表明，年轻人在新环境中获取空间信息的速度比老年人更快，但研究结果既未表明存在与年龄相关的空间认知能力缺陷，也未显示出环境熟悉度的益处。心理测量测试的分数与认知任务表现的相关性较低。在探索和路线执行过程中观察到的行为中，只有一种行为与认知任务表现显著相关。仅对于老年人而言，站立不动不进行扫视与三项任务的表现呈负相关。
