Claussen A H, Crittenden P M
University of Miami, FL 33101.
Child Abuse Negl. 1991;15(1-2):5-18. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(91)90085-r.
Maltreatment has serious consequences for the development of children. The reason for the negative outcomes is not, however, fully understood. This study investigated the hypotheses that psychological maltreatment would be present in almost all cases of physical maltreatment and that it would be more related to detrimental outcomes for children than would severity of injury. A sample of 175 maltreated children, 39 children in mental health treatment, and 176 normative children was assessed for type and severity of maltreatment. Both hypotheses were supported. In addition, evidence is provided that psychological maltreatment can occur alone, that assessments of parental psychologically maltreating behavior and negative child outcomes are highly correlated, and that child age and gender are unrelated to psychological maltreatment in young children whereas family income is related. Implications for investigation and treatment are considered.
虐待对儿童的成长有严重影响。然而，产生负面结果的原因尚未完全明确。本研究调查了以下假设：几乎所有身体虐待案例中都存在心理虐待，并且心理虐待比伤害严重程度更易导致儿童出现有害后果。研究对175名受虐儿童、39名接受心理健康治疗的儿童以及176名正常儿童进行了虐待类型和严重程度评估。两个假设均得到支持。此外，有证据表明心理虐待可能单独发生，父母心理虐待行为评估与儿童负面结果高度相关，幼儿的年龄和性别与心理虐待无关，而家庭收入与之相关。同时考虑了研究和治疗的意义。
