Hoedemaker Martina, Ruddat Inga, Teltscher Marie Katrin, Essmeyer Kirsten, Kreienbrock Lothar
Arbeitsbereich Bestandstiermedizin, Klinik für Rinder, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2010 Mar-Apr;123(3-4):130-6.
It was the aim of this study to identify cow/calf, herd and management risk factors on perinatal mortality (PM) in dairy herds from the German federal state of Thuringia. Perinatal mortality was defined as cases of stillborn calves or calves having died within 24 h after birth. From a representative sample of 53 herds (breeds: Holstein Friesian and crossbreedings between Holstein Friesian and Blackpied Dairy Cow), dairy herd improvement (DHI) records were obtained providing information about number of calvings, frequency of PM, parity, calving ease, gender, twin calvings and herd milk yield. Management practices (farm organisation, breeding policies, calving management, hygienic measures, feeding, status of infectious diseases) were recorded using a questionnaire filled in whilst interviewing the herd owner. Data of one year from 46 herds with 13 158 calvings were analysed using logistic regression models applying generalised estimation equations (GEE). The overall frequency of PM was 9.3%. The odds ratio for PM was 5.89, 1.73, 1.68 and 1.67 in cases of dystocia, heifer calving, twin and male calves, respectively. None of the management factors examined in this study remained as significant effects for PM in the final logistic regression model. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that cow/calf related factors reported as risk factors for PM in many studies in the past such as dystocia, number of lactation, gender and twins were also major determinants of PM in commercial dairy herds in Thuringia. Besides applying appropriate breeding policies herd owners should primarily consider ways of further improving calving management with proper calving supervision and correct calving assistance in order to reduce the risk of PM.
本研究旨在确定德国图林根州奶牛场围产期死亡率（PM）的母牛/犊牛、畜群和管理风险因素。围产期死亡率定义为死产犊牛或出生后24小时内死亡的犊牛病例。从53个畜群的代表性样本（品种：荷斯坦弗里生以及荷斯坦弗里生和黑 pied 奶牛的杂交品种）中获取奶牛群改良（DHI）记录，这些记录提供了有关产犊数量、围产期死亡率、胎次、产犊难易度、性别、双胎产犊和畜群产奶量的信息。通过在采访畜群所有者时填写的问卷记录管理措施（农场组织、繁殖政策、产犊管理、卫生措施、饲养、传染病状况）。使用应用广义估计方程（GEE）的逻辑回归模型分析了来自46个畜群的13158次产犊的一年数据。围产期死亡率的总体频率为9.3%。难产、初产母牛产犊、双胎和雄性犊牛情况下围产期死亡率的优势比分别为5.89、1.73、1.68和1.67。本研究中检查的管理因素在最终逻辑回归模型中均未作为围产期死亡率的显著影响因素保留。总之，本研究结果表明，过去许多研究中报告的作为围产期死亡率风险因素的母牛/犊牛相关因素，如难产、泌乳次数、性别和双胎，也是图林根州商业奶牛场围产期死亡率的主要决定因素。除了应用适当的繁殖政策外，畜群所有者应主要考虑通过适当的产犊监督和正确的产犊协助进一步改善产犊管理的方法，以降低围产期死亡率的风险。
