Calf mortality in Virginia Dairy Herd Improvement herds.

Information concerning heifer calf mortality and dairy herd management practices was obtained by survey of 407 Virginia Dairy Herd Improvement herds. Dairy producers, with the assistance of Dairy Herd Improvement supervisors, accounted for mortality of all heifer calves born from October 1, 1978 to March 31, 1979. Calf mortality was compared among herd sizes, fat and milk production, cow and calf housing systems, calving locations, and calf feeding practices. Average herd size was 82 cows with 87% of herds containing fewer than 120 cows. Mortality at birth and from birth through 3 mo of age averaged 1.2 and 6.5%. Mortality at birth was correlated .10 with herd size. Losses from birth through 3 mo of age were correlated .10 with age at weaning and -.16 with rolling yearly average milk and fat production. Relationship of mortality with other herd characteristics or management practices was negligible.