Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
Child Dev. 2010 Jan-Feb;81(1):80-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01382.x.
The current study, based on all births in Sweden from 1983 to 1991 (N = 654,707), explored the processes underlying the association between smoking during pregnancy (SDP) and offspring school grades and mathematic proficiency at age 15. The analyses compared relatives who varied in their exposure to SDP and who varied in their genetic relatedness. Although SDP was statistically associated with academic achievement (AA) when comparing unrelated individuals, the results suggest that SDP does not cause poorer academic performance, as full siblings differentially exposed to SDP did not differ in their academic scores. The pattern of results suggests that genetic factors shared by parents and their offspring help explain why offspring exposed to SDP have lower levels of AA.
本研究基于 1983 年至 1991 年期间瑞典所有的出生记录（N=654707），探讨了孕期吸烟（SDP）与子女 15 岁时的在校成绩和数学能力之间关联的潜在机制。分析比较了在 SDP 暴露方面存在差异且遗传相关性存在差异的亲属。虽然 SDP 与学业成绩（AA）之间存在统计学关联，但结果表明 SDP 并不会导致较差的学业表现，因为在 SDP 方面存在不同暴露的同卵双胞胎在学业成绩上没有差异。结果表明，父母和子女共同具有的遗传因素有助于解释为什么暴露于 SDP 的子女的 AA 水平较低。
