Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Eur J Public Health. 2017 Oct 1;27(5):850-855. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx074.
Research on the impact of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on scholastic achievement in the offspring has shown conflicting findings. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of MSDP on scholastic achievement in a birth cohort of children in 4th, 7th and 10th grades.
We analysed data from the LIFECOURSE study, a cohort study of risk and protective factors in all children born in Reykjavik, Iceland, in the year 2000 (N = 1151, girls = 49.3%). Retrospective registry data for 2014-2015 were merged with prospective survey data that were collected in April 2016. Data on MSDP were assessed during regular antenatal visits at the end of the first trimester. Standardized academic achievement scores were obtained from official school transcripts. Data were analysed using OLS regressions that were entered in three hierarchical blocks.
Children of mothers who smoked tobacco during the first trimester consistently revealed between 5% and 7% lower scores on standardized academic achievement in 4th, 7th and 10th grade (∼6-8 points on a normally distributed 120 point scale) than those of mothers who had not smoked tobacco during this period (P < 0.05). These findings held after controlling for several factors associated with the time of birth (e.g. birth weight, maternal age at birth, birth order, parental cohabitation and household income), as well as the year of scholastic assessment (parental cohabitation, household income and parental education).
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was negatively related to scholastic achievement in the offspring during 4th, 7th and 10th grade.
关于孕期母亲吸烟（MSDP）对子女学业成绩影响的研究结果存在矛盾。本研究旨在评估 MSDP 对四年级、七年级和十年级儿童队列学业成绩的影响。
我们分析了 LIFECOURSE 研究的数据，该研究是冰岛雷克雅未克所有 2000 年出生儿童的风险和保护因素的队列研究（N=1151，女性=49.3%）。2014-2015 年的回顾性登记数据与 2016 年 4 月收集的前瞻性调查数据合并。在第一个三个月末的常规产前检查中评估 MSDP 数据。从官方学校成绩单中获得标准化学业成绩数据。使用 OLS 回归进行数据分析，这些回归分为三个层次块输入。
在四年级、七年级和十年级，母亲在第一个三个月吸烟的孩子的标准化学业成绩始终低 5%-7%（在正态分布的 120 分制中约为 6-8 分）比那些母亲在此期间未吸烟的孩子（P<0.05）。这些发现在控制了与出生时间相关的几个因素（例如出生体重、母亲出生时的年龄、出生顺序、父母同居和家庭收入）以及学业评估年份（父母同居、家庭收入和父母教育）后仍然成立。
孕期母亲吸烟与四年级、七年级和十年级子女的学业成绩呈负相关。
