Accelerated Achilles tendon healing by PDGF gene delivery with mesoporous silica nanoparticles.

We report the ability of amino- and carboxyl-modified MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) to deliver gene in vivo in rat Achilles tendons, despite their inefficiency to transfect primary tenocytes in culture. We show that luciferase activity lasted for at least 2 weeks in tendons injected with these MSN and a plasmid DNA (pDNA) encoding the luciferase reporter gene. By contrast, in tendons injected with naked plasmid, the luciferase expression decreased as a function of time and became hardly detectable after 2 weeks. Interestingly, there were neither signs of inflammation nor necrosis in tendon, kidney, heart and liver of rat weekly injected with pDNA/MSN formulation during 1.5 months. Our main data concern the acceleration of Achilles tendons healing by PDGF-B gene transfer using MSN. Biomechanical properties and histological analyses clearly indicate that tendons treated with MSN and PDGF gene healed significantly faster than untreated tendons and those treated with pPDGF alone.