Sig-Nurture Ltd, Guildford, Surrey GU1 2TF, UK.
J Hum Nutr Diet. 2010 Aug;23(4):371-81. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-277X.2010.01059.x. Epub 2010 Mar 23.
It has been suggested that rising obesity among children is partly attributable to sugary foods and soft drinks driving an increase in energy intake (EI). Yet historical data on sugar intake are sparse. The present study calculated total sugar intake de novo among 3296 children aged 10-11 and 14-15 years in 1983 and compared EI, macronutrients and sugar sources with data from 459 children of same age in the 1997 National Diet and Nutrition Survey.
Secondary analysis of 7-day weighed diet records and anthropometric data from two British surveys. Compositional data on sugars applied to individual food codes to calculate sugar intake and sources for 1983. Trends examined before/after adjustment for low/high energy reporting (LHER) defined as EI : basal metabolic rate <1.16 or >2.65.
Mean EI (kJ day(-1)) was 7% lower in 1997 than in 1983, mainly as a result of lower fat intake. After excluding LHER, mean EI was 3% lower in 1997. Mean body mass index (BMI) increased by 0.7-1 kg m(-2) (2-3 kg). Total sugar intake averaged 115 g day(-1) in 1983 and 113 g day(-1) in 1997 (122 versus 127 g day(-1) excluding LHER, P = 0.08). Excluding LHER, fat energy was lower in 1997 (35.4% versus 37.8%) and sugars slightly higher (23.6% versus 22.3%). Sugar sources showed a marked shift away from table sugar with smaller falls in milk, biscuits and cakes, counterbalanced by an significant increase in sugar from soft drinks and, to a lesser extent, fruit juice and breakfast cereals.
Although the study design precludes drawing causal inferences regarding nutrient intake and obesity, a higher prevalence of under-reporting and lower levels of physical activity in 1997 could explain the paradox of lower reported EI and rising BMI.
有人认为，儿童肥胖率的上升部分归因于含糖食品和软饮料的摄入增加导致能量摄入增加。然而，关于糖摄入量的历史数据很少。本研究在 1983 年计算了 3296 名 10-11 岁和 14-15 岁儿童的新总糖摄入量，并将其与同年 459 名年龄相同的儿童的能量摄入、宏量营养素和糖源进行了比较。
对两项英国调查的 7 天称重饮食记录和人体测量数据进行二次分析。应用于个别食物代码的糖成分数据来计算 1983 年的糖摄入量和来源。在调整低/高能量报告（LHER）后检查趋势，LHER 定义为能量摄入：基础代谢率<1.16 或>2.65。
1997 年的平均能量摄入（kJ 天-1）比 1983 年低 7%，主要是由于脂肪摄入量减少。在排除 LHER 后，1997 年的平均能量摄入降低了 3%。平均体重指数（BMI）增加了 0.7-1 kg m-2（2-3 kg）。1983 年的总糖摄入量平均为 115 g 天-1，1997 年为 113 g 天-1（122 与 127 g 天-1 除外，LHER，P=0.08）。排除 LHER 后，1997 年脂肪能量较低（35.4%对 37.8%），糖略高（23.6%对 22.3%）。糖源明显从白糖转向，牛奶、饼干和蛋糕的摄入量减少，而软饮料的摄入量显著增加，早餐谷物和果汁的摄入量也有所增加。
尽管研究设计排除了关于营养素摄入和肥胖的因果推断，但 1997 年报告的能量摄入较低和 BMI 上升的原因可能是低报告和体力活动水平较低的现象更为普遍。
