Department of Philosophy, Centre for History and Philosophy of Science, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.
C R Biol. 2010 Feb;333(2):181-7. doi: 10.1016/j.crvi.2009.12.006. Epub 2010 Feb 13.
Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) is a very different kind of work from On the Origin of Species (1859). This "otherness" is most extreme in the character of the explanations that Darwin offers in the Expression. Far from promoting his theory of natural selection, the Expression barely mentions that theory, instead drawing on explanatory principles which recall less Darwinian than Lamarckian and structuralist biological theorizing. Over the years, historians have offered a range of solutions to the puzzle of why the Expression is so "non-Darwinian". Close examination shows that none of these meets the case. However, recent research on Darwin's lifelong engagement with the controversies in his day over the unity of the human races makes possible a promising new solution. For Darwin, emotional expression served the cause of defending human unity precisely to the extent that natural selection theory did not apply.
查尔斯·达尔文的《人类和动物的表情》（1872 年）与《物种起源》（1859 年）是截然不同的作品。这种“不同”在达尔文在《表达》中提供的解释性质上最为极端。《表达》远非推广他的自然选择理论，几乎没有提到该理论，而是借鉴了一些解释原则，这些原则让人想起拉马克主义和结构主义生物学理论，而不是达尔文主义。多年来，历史学家为《表达》如此“非达尔文主义”的谜题提供了一系列解决方案。仔细研究表明，没有一个解决方案符合实际情况。然而，最近对达尔文一生致力于解决他那个时代关于人类种族统一的争论的研究，为一个有希望的新解决方案提供了可能。对于达尔文来说，情感表达之所以有助于捍卫人类的统一，正是因为自然选择理论并不适用。
