澳大利亚青少年的脂肪酸膳食摄入量和食物来源。

Dietary intake and food sources of fatty acids in Australian adolescents.

机构信息

Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, West Perth, Western Australia, Australia.

出版信息

Nutrition. 2011 Feb;27(2):153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2009.11.019. Epub 2010 Mar 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.nut.2009.11.019

PMID:20338727

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dietary fat consumed during childhood and adolescence may be related to the development of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases in adulthood; however, there is a lack of information on specific fatty acid intakes and food sources in these populations. Our study aimed to assess fatty acid intakes in Australian adolescents, compare intakes with national guidelines, and identify major food sources of fatty acids.

METHODS

Dietary intake was assessed using measured 3-d records in 822 adolescents aged 13-15 y participating in The Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, Australia.

RESULTS

Mean daily total fat intakes were 90 ± 25 g for boys and 73 ± 20 g for girls, with saturated fat contributing 14% of total energy intake. Mean contribution to daily energy intake for linoleic, alpha-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, docosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids were 3.0%, 0.40%, 0.02%, 0.01%, and 0.04%, respectively, for boys, and 3.3%, 0.42%, 0.02%, 0.01%, and 0.05% for girls. To meet guidelines for chronic disease prevention, consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in this population may need to increase up to three-fold and the proportion of saturated fat decrease by one-third. Girls were more likely to achieve the guidelines. Major food sources were dairy products for total fat, saturated fat and alpha-linolenic acid, margarines for linoleic acid, and fish for long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.

CONCLUSION

Results suggest that for this population, a higher dietary intake of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, particularly for boys, and lower proportion of saturated fat is required to meet recommendations for prevention of chronic disease.

摘要

背景

儿童和青少年时期摄入的膳食脂肪可能与成年后心血管疾病和其他慢性疾病的发生有关；然而，关于这些人群中特定脂肪酸的摄入量和食物来源，我们知之甚少。我们的研究旨在评估澳大利亚青少年的脂肪酸摄入量，将摄入量与国家指南进行比较，并确定脂肪酸的主要食物来源。

方法

在澳大利亚西澳大利亚妊娠队列（Raine）研究中，对 822 名 13-15 岁的青少年进行了为期 3 天的饮食记录测量，以评估膳食摄入量。

结果

男孩的日均总脂肪摄入量为 90 ± 25 g，女孩为 73 ± 20 g，饱和脂肪占总能量摄入的 14%。亚油酸、α-亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸分别占男孩每日能量摄入量的 3.0%、0.40%、0.02%、0.01%和 0.04%，女孩分别占 3.3%、0.42%、0.02%、0.01%和 0.05%。为了满足慢性病预防指南，该人群可能需要将长链欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的摄入量增加两倍，同时将饱和脂肪的比例减少三分之一。女孩更有可能达到这些指导方针。主要食物来源为总脂肪、饱和脂肪和α-亚麻酸的乳制品、亚油酸的人造黄油和长链欧米伽-3 脂肪酸的鱼类。