Vatanparast Hassan, Islam Naorin, Shafiee Mojtaba
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 4Z2, Canada.
BMC Nutr. 2021 Nov 1;7(1):63. doi: 10.1186/s40795-021-00465-9.
Milk and milk products make important contributions to the diet of Canadians. The aim of this study was to examine trends in Milk & Alternatives consumption among Canadians (≥2 years) from 2004 to 2015.
We used nutrition data from 2 nationally representative cross-sectional surveys conducted in 2004 and 2015 [Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) 2004 Cycle 2.2 and CCHS-Nutrition 2015] to compare Milk & Alternatives consumption between 2004 and 2015. Data from 24-h dietary recalls were collected using the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM).
From 2004 to 2015, the proportion of Canadians consuming Milk & Alternatives food group significantly decreased from 89.5 to 87.7% and the number of servings consumed per day dropped from 1.9 to 1.7. Despite their low energy contribution (12.3% of energy), Milk & Alternatives contributed 45.8% of calcium, 39.9% of vitamin D, and 36.0% of vitamin B12 to the diet of the Canadian population in 2015. Milk & Alternatives were among the top sources of vitamin A, phosphorus and riboflavin. Milk & Alternatives food group was a major contributor to saturated fat intake in both 2004 (31.2%) and 2015 (28.6%). In 2015, dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D among Milk & Alternatives consumers were 137.8, and 59.4% higher, respectively, than those of non-consumers.
Daily intake of Milk & Alternatives has decreased in the Canadian population over time, which may adversely affect the nutritional profile of the diet.
牛奶及奶制品对加拿大人的饮食有着重要贡献。本研究的目的是调查2004年至2015年期间加拿大2岁及以上人群牛奶及代用品的消费趋势。
我们使用了2004年和2015年进行的两项具有全国代表性的横断面调查的营养数据[2004年加拿大社区健康调查（CCHS）第2.2周期和2015年CCHS-营养调查]，以比较2004年和2015年牛奶及代用品的消费情况。采用自动多轮法（AMPM）收集24小时饮食回忆数据。
从2004年到2015年，食用牛奶及代用品食物组的加拿大人比例从89.5%显著下降至87.7%，每日食用份数从1.9份降至1.7份。尽管牛奶及代用品的能量贡献较低（占能量的12.3%），但在2015年，它们为加拿大人群饮食提供了45.8%的钙、39.9%的维生素D和36.0%的维生素B12。牛奶及代用品是维生素A、磷和核黄素的主要来源之一。牛奶及代用品食物组在2004年（31.2%）和2015年（28.6%）都是饱和脂肪摄入的主要贡献者。2015年，食用牛奶及代用品的人群中，钙和维生素D的膳食摄入量分别比不食用者高137.8%和59.4%。
随着时间推移，加拿大人群中牛奶及代用品的每日摄入量有所下降，这可能会对饮食的营养状况产生不利影响。
