MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Mar 26;59(11):327-34.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding to age 6 months and continued breastfeeding for at least the first year of life. The Healthy People 2010 (HP2010) targets (16-19a-c) for initiating breastfeeding, breastfeeding to age 6 months, and breastfeeding to age 12 months, are 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively. National estimates from the United States indicate substantial racial/ethnic differences in breastfeeding. To monitor state-specific progress toward achieving the HP2010 objectives for breastfeeding initiation and duration among different racial/ethnic groups, CDC analyzed 2004-2008 National Immunization Survey (NIS) data for children born during 2003-2006. This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that non-Hispanic blacks had a lower prevalence of breastfeeding initiation than non-Hispanic whites in all but two states; Hispanics generally had lower prevalence than non-Hispanic whites in western states and higher in eastern states. Most states were not meeting the HP2010 targets for breastfeeding duration for any racial/ethnic group. Breastfeeding should be promoted through comprehensive clinical and social supports starting in pregnancy, and including the birth, delivery, and postpartum periods.
美国儿科学会建议纯母乳喂养至 6 个月，并至少持续母乳喂养至生命的第一年。《健康人民 2010 年》（HP2010）的目标（16-19a-c）是开始母乳喂养、母乳喂养至 6 个月和母乳喂养至 12 个月，分别为 75%、50%和 25%。美国的国家估计表明，母乳喂养在不同种族/族裔群体之间存在显著差异。为了监测各州在不同种族/族裔群体中实现 HP2010 母乳喂养起始和持续时间目标的具体进展情况，CDC 分析了 2004-2008 年全国免疫调查（NIS）数据，这些数据来自 2003-2006 年出生的儿童。本报告总结了该分析的结果，结果发现，除了两个州之外，所有非西班牙裔黑人的母乳喂养起始率均低于非西班牙裔白人；在西部各州，西班牙裔的母乳喂养率通常低于非西班牙裔白人，而在东部各州则高于非西班牙裔白人。大多数州都没有达到 HP2010 对任何种族/族裔群体母乳喂养持续时间的目标。应通过在妊娠期间开始的全面临床和社会支持来促进母乳喂养，并包括分娩、分娩和产后期间。
