Department of Biomedical Science, University of Catania, Via Androne 83, 95124, Catania, Italy.
Dig Dis Sci. 2010 Oct;55(10):2744-55. doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1184-7. Epub 2010 Mar 26.
The hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and carries a poor survival rate. The management of patients at risk for developing HCC remains intricate.
A literature search identified potential markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. These markers were analysed and justification was provided for these factors' inclusion to (or exclusion from) the markers of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A search of the literature was made using cancer literature and the PubMed database for the following keywords: "markers and HCC," "Lens culinaris agglutinin reactive AFP (AFP-L3) and HCC," "Des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and HCC," "Glypican-3 and HCC," "Chromogranin A and HCC," "Transforming growth factor β1(TGF) and HCC," "α-l-fucosidase (AFU) and HCC," "Golgi protein-73 (GP73) and HCC," "Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and HCC," "Nervous growth factor (NGF) and HCC."
Despite the large number of studies devoted to the immunohistochemistry of HCC, at the present time, the absolute positive and negative markers for HCC are still lacking, and even those characterized by very high sensitivity and specificity do not have an universal diagnostic usefulness. Given the poor response to current therapies, a better understanding of the molecular pathways active in this disease could potentially provide new targets for therapy. However, AFP shows a low sensitivity, therefore other biomarkers have been developed to make an early diagnosis and improve patients' prognosis.
肝细胞癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，生存率较差。高危患者的管理仍然很复杂。
通过文献检索确定了肝细胞癌的潜在标志物。对这些标志物进行了分析，并为这些因素纳入（或排除）肝细胞癌（HCC）标志物提供了依据。使用癌症文献和 PubMed 数据库，针对以下关键词进行了文献检索：“标志物和 HCC”、“扁豆凝集素反应性 AFP（AFP-L3）和 HCC”、“脱γ-羧基凝血酶原（DCP）和 HCC”、“Glypican-3 和 HCC”、“嗜铬粒蛋白 A 和 HCC”、“转化生长因子β1（TGF）和 HCC”、“α-L-岩藻糖苷酶（AFU）和 HCC”、“高尔基糖蛋白 73（GP73）和 HCC”、“肝细胞生长因子（HGF）和 HCC”、“神经生长因子（NGF）和 HCC”。
尽管有大量研究致力于 HCC 的免疫组织化学，但目前仍然缺乏 HCC 的绝对阳性和阴性标志物，即使那些具有非常高的敏感性和特异性的标志物也没有普遍的诊断用途。鉴于目前治疗方法的反应不佳，更好地了解在这种疾病中活跃的分子途径可能为治疗提供新的靶点。然而，AFP 的灵敏度较低，因此开发了其他生物标志物来进行早期诊断并改善患者的预后。
