Tomonaga M, Matsuzawa T, Fujita K, Yamamoto J
Osaka University, Japan.
Psychol Rep. 1991 Feb;68(1):51-60. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1991.68.1.51.
In Exp. 1, three young chimpanzees were trained to match red to a cross and green to a circle in an arbitrary matching-to-sample task. After acquisition of this task, they were tested for the emergence of associative symmetry of these conditional relations using the trials on which shapes were presented as samples and colors as comparisons. One of the three chimpanzees showed statistically significant accuracy on these test trials. This successful subject served in Exp. 2, in which an auditory-visual stimulus appeared contingent upon red and a cross while another auditory-visual stimulus was contingent upon green and a circle. This subject showed higher accuracies in symmetry tests than in Exp. 1, which suggested the facilitative effects of these events common to sample and correct comparison on the development of symmetry. In Exp. 3, subsequent tests in which only these stimuli were presented as samples indicated that these stimuli might have become the members of equivalence classes.
在实验1中，三只幼年黑猩猩接受训练，在一个任意匹配样本任务中，将红色与十字匹配，绿色与圆形匹配。掌握此任务后，使用将形状作为样本、颜色作为比较项的试验，测试它们这些条件关系的联想对称性的出现情况。三只黑猩猩中的一只在这些测试试验中表现出具有统计学意义的准确性。这只成功的黑猩猩参与了实验2，在实验2中，一种视听刺激在红色和十字出现时出现，而另一种视听刺激在绿色和圆形出现时出现。这只黑猩猩在对称性测试中的准确率高于实验1，这表明样本和正确比较中共同出现的这些事件对对称性发展具有促进作用。在实验3中，随后仅将这些刺激作为样本进行的测试表明，这些刺激可能已成为等价类的成员。
