Moriguchi Yusuke, Tanaka Masayuki, Itakura Shoji
Joetsu University of Education, 1 Yamayashiki-machi, Joetsu, Niigata 943-8512, Japan.
J Genet Psychol. 2011 Jul-Sep;172(3):252-65. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2010.534828.
In this article the authors compared chimpanzees' executive function with that of children. They developed a nonverbal dimensional change card sorting task, which indexed the development of executive function. Three pairs of mother and offspring chimpanzees and 30 typically developed 5-year-old children were presented with 2 target stimuli and a test stimulus comprising 2 dimensions (size and shape) on a display; they were required to sort the test stimulus according to 1 dimension (e.g., shape). After 5 consecutive correct trials, the participants had to sort the test stimulus according to the other dimension (e.g., size). The results showed that the chimpanzees often failed to sort the test stimuli according to the first and reversed dimensions. On the other hand, the children were correctly able to use both dimensions. These results indicate that chimpanzees may have less developed executive skills than children.
在本文中，作者将黑猩猩的执行功能与儿童的进行了比较。他们开发了一种非语言维度变化卡片分类任务，以此来衡量执行功能的发展。向三对黑猩猩母婴和30名发育正常的5岁儿童展示了两个目标刺激物以及一个包含两个维度（大小和形状）的测试刺激物；要求他们根据一个维度（例如形状）对测试刺激物进行分类。在连续5次正确试验后，参与者必须根据另一个维度（例如大小）对测试刺激物进行分类。结果表明，黑猩猩常常无法根据第一个维度以及颠倒后的维度对测试刺激物进行分类。另一方面，儿童能够正确地运用两个维度。这些结果表明，黑猩猩的执行技能发展程度可能低于儿童。
