Lee A B, Laredo J, Neville R
Department of Vascular Surgery, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
Int Angiol. 2010 Apr;29(2):95-108.
The truncular venous malformation (VM) represents an embryologically defective vein where developmental arrest has occurred during the vascular trunk formation period in the 'later stage' of the embryonic development. A relatively simple truncular VM lesion such as a venous web at the hepatic venous outlet causes portal hypertension giving a profound damage/impact to the liver. A similar condition involving the head and neck venous system may cause chronic cerebro-spinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) and may be involved in the development or exacerbation of multiple sclerosis.
躯干静脉畸形（VM）代表一种胚胎学上有缺陷的静脉，在胚胎发育“后期”的血管主干形成期发生了发育停滞。相对简单的躯干VM病变，如肝静脉出口处的静脉网，会导致门静脉高压，对肝脏造成严重损害/影响。涉及头颈部静脉系统的类似情况可能导致慢性脑脊髓静脉功能不全（CCSVI），并可能与多发性硬化症的发生或加重有关。
